Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

灵敏度分析在惯导平台误差参数辨识中的应用

为了解决传统的惯导平台测漂方案下,惯导平台上陀螺安装误差角的系统级辨识精度不高的问题,对平台漂移的非线性模型进行了灵敏度分析,找出了影响陀螺安装误差角辨识精度的主要因素,进而提出了转台相对地面存在角速率条件下的改进辨识方案.仿真结果表明,在改进的辨识方案下误差角的辨识精度获得了显著提高.     

南黄海现代沉积环境及动力沉积体系

基于南黄海600多个表层沉积物样品的研究和对前人大量沉积学资料及水文学资料的分析, 阐述了南黄海现代沉积环境和动力沉积体系特征, 对存在广泛争议的泥质沉积物形成机制进行了探讨. 南黄海陆架可分为弱动力(低能)沉积环境和强动力(高能)环境, 低能沉积环境进一步划分为气旋型和反气旋型涡旋两种环境;高能环境则分为高能沉积环境和高能侵蚀环境. 陆架低能环境发育了泥质沉积体系. 在南黄海中部, 受海域中尺度气旋型涡旋(冷涡)的控制, 发育了冷涡泥质沉积体系, 而在南黄海东南部受反气旋型涡旋(暖涡)控制则形成了反气旋型涡旋泥质沉积体系(暖涡沉积). 二者在粒度、沉积速率、沉积厚度和矿物学特征上有明显区别. 陆架高能沉积环境发育了砂质沉积, 集中分布在南黄海的西部、南部及东北部海区, 在高能侵蚀环境区分布着大量砂岩砾石. 高能沉积环境中原有的细粒物质(黏土、细粉砂等)逐渐被悬浮、搬运至低能区沉积. 还建立了气旋型涡旋和反气旋型涡旋泥质沉积作用模式, 对南黄海泥质沉积体系的成因给出了系统的解释.     

不确定切换系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒H∞控制

研究一类由任意有限多个不确定子系统组成的切换系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒H∞控制问题.利用共同Lyapunov函数方法和凸组合技术,给出由矩阵不等式表示的控制器存在的充分条件,并设计了相应的子控制器和切换规则.采用消元法,将该矩阵不等式转化为一组线性矩阵不等式(LMIs).最后给出一个数值仿真实例证明结论的有效性.研究结果表明:通过切换,闭环系统在整个状态空间上的每个点都满足鲁棒H∞性能,而并不要求每个子系统在整个状态空间上都满足鲁棒H∞性能,甚至也不要求其渐进稳定.     

Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis and identify a new disease pathway for retinal degeneration

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a blinding retinal disease that presents within the first year after birth. Using exome sequencing, we identified mutations in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthase gene NMNAT1 encoding nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 in eight families with LCA, including the family in which LCA was originally linked to the LCA9 locus. Notably, all individuals with NMNAT1 mutations also have macular colobomas, which are severe degenerative entities of the central retina (fovea) devoid of tissue and photoreceptors. Functional assays of the proteins encoded by the mutant alleles identified in our study showed that the mutations reduce the enzymatic activity of NMNAT1 in NAD biosynthesis and affect protein folding. Of note, recent characterization of the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wld(s)) mouse model, in which prolonged axonal survival after injury is observed, identified NMNAT1 as a neuroprotective protein when ectopically expressed. Our findings identify a new disease mechanism underlying LCA and provide the first link between endogenous NMNAT1 dysfunction and a human nervous system disorder.     

Characterization and Preparation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles

1 Results Bimetallic particles in the nanometer size range are of substantial interest due to their vast applications in catalysis[1].The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles with definite size with a well-control over their nanostructure remains a challenging problem.Thus there exists a great demand for both synthesis and atomic level characterization of nanostructure of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs).With the recent advent of high-intensity tunable sources of X-rays,now available at synchrotron radia...     

一种基于纹理过滤和中值滤波的牌照定位方法

提出一种基于纹理过滤和中值滤波的牌照定位方法,根据牌照字符纹理图案提出纹理过滤,利用行跳变扫描边缘,进行粗定位,然后采用中值滤波方法进行进一步精确定位。该方法简单,对牌照底色没有要求。经大量试验检测,定位准确率达到98．9％。     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La_2CoMnO_6 nanofibers

Through electrospinning,La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate(PVP/LCM)precursor and were used as electrode materials.The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)specific surface area analysis.The results show that the prepared La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers are stable,one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La_2Co Mn O_(6 )nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure.The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m~2·g~(-1).Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La_2Co Mn O_6 nanofibers as 109.7 F·g~(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A·g~(-1).After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g~(-1),the specific capacitance maintains 90.9%of its initial value,demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

群组判断矩阵排序中的广义最小偏差方法

本文对群组判断矩阵排序提出一种新的广义最小偏差方法。鉴于不同专家所给判断矩阵质量上的差异, 广义最小偏差排序方法对群组判断矩阵进行不同程度的加权处理, 并进行群组一致性检验。     

大跨平屋盖结构风压分布特性的神经网络模型

影响大跨平屋盖结构风荷载分布特性的因素很复杂，且具有不确定性，仅靠风洞试验难以完整的描述其风荷载分布的整体特性，针对这种情况，本文中提出用改进的BP神经网络和模糊神经网络两种方法来建立反映大跨平屋盖结构风压分布特性的模型，并用试验数据进行了验证．结果表明，这两种模型都能很好的逼近和预测大跨平屋盖结构风压分布的特性，相比之下，改进的BP神经网络稳定性较好，但逼近速度慢，精度也不高；而模糊神经网络由于结合了模糊系统和神经网络的优点，其稳定性好，逼近速度快，且精度高，这表明模糊神经网络方法是预测大跨平屋盖结构风压分布特性的有效途径，在结构风工程中具有广阔的应用前景。