Coupling effects of tungsten and molybdenum on microstructure and stressrupture properties of a nickel-base cast superalloy

In order to comprehensively understand the forming mechanism of abnormal phases solidified in a nickel-base cast superalloy with additives of tungsten and molybdenum, the coupling effects of W and Mo on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the precipitation of primary α-(W, Mo) phase depended tremendously on the amount of W and Mo addition. When the total amount of W and Mo was greater than 5.79 at%, α-(W, Mo) phase became easily precipitated in the alloy.With increasing of Mo/W ratio, the dendrite-like α-(W, Mo) phases were apt to convert into small bars or blockylike phases at the vicinities of γ′/γ eutectic. The morphological changes of α-(W, Mo) phase can be interpreted as the non-equilibrium solidification of W and Mo in the alloy. Since the large sized α-(W, Mo) phase has detrimental effects on stress-rupture properties in as-cast conditions, secondary cracks may mainly initiate at and then propagate along the interfaces of brittle phases and soft matrix. During exposing at 1100 ℃ for 1000 h, the α-(W, Mo) phases transformed gradually into bigger and harder M_6C carbide, which results in decreasing of stress-rupture properties of the alloy. Finally, the alloy with an addition of 14W-1Mo(wt%) maintained the longest stress lives at high temperatures and therefore it revealed the best microstructure stability after 1100 ℃/1000 h thermal exposure.     

无锡市科技社团人才培养策略研究

为实施我国人才兴国战略和全面建设"强富美高"新无锡,笔者客观分析了无锡科技社团人才培育的现状,发现人才结构偏大龄化、科技社团管理人才缺乏、人才发展机制缺失等是目前存在的主要问题。针对以上问题,通过走访调研及相关文献资料研究,对本市科技人才培养提出了新的人才培育策略,如对科技人才内涵重新界定、针对国内不同学龄阶段的科技人才分段培养、提倡科技社团职业经理人的培养、实施科技人才全球化战略和注重现有科技人才保护等策略。     

区域间总产出波动相互影响的网络模型

国家(地区)间总产出波动存在相互影响是全球化时代的普遍现象,但缺少其相互影响强度的定量研究.基于冲击在非对称的区域间产业网络上的传播,分析了区域间总产出波动相互影响的机理,并依据区域间产品关联,构建了以区域为节点的度量区域间总产出波动相互影响的区域赋权影响网络.通过对网络度关联结构、基础关联结构、核关联结构及非对称结构四个维度的分析,定量描述了区域间总产出波动相互影响的强度.实例分析表明,该模型及相关度量维度能够量化不同区域间总产出波动的相互影响,定量描述某个国家(地区)在多区域经济大系统中的作用,在区域经济合作、贸易规则制定以及全球价值链构建等方面具有重要的理论和实际意义.     

基于树状分子及炭黑复合纳米材料修饰电极的Cr(VI)电化学检测

用树状分子及炭黑纳米复合材料修饰玻碳电极,并对六价铬Cr(VI)进行电化学测定.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)、方波溶出伏安法(SWSV)等方法对修饰电极进行了表征.研究发现多种其他离子如Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-等对六价铬离子的测定没有明显干扰,且Cr(VI)的还原峰电流与Cr(VI)的物质的量浓度在4~60 nmol/L和0.06~500μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限达1 nmol/L.该法具有简便快速,选择性好,线性范围宽,灵敏度高等优点.     

Empirical likelihood inference for logistic equation with random perturbation

Empirical likelihood (EL) combined with estimating equations (EE) provides a modern semi-parametric alternative to classical estimation techniques such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). This paper not only uses closed form of conditional expectation and conditional variance of Logistic equation with random perturbation to perform maximum empirical likelihood estimation (MELE) for the model parameters, but also proposes an empirical likelihood ratio statistic (ELRS) for hypotheses concerning the interesting parameter. Monte Carlo simulation results show that MELE and ELRS provide competitive performance to parametric alternatives.     

基于容积粒子滤波的交互式多模型算法

针对非线性非高斯条件下目标跟踪容易发散和精度下降等问题,将容积粒子滤波引入到交互式多模型算法中,提出了一种基于容积粒子滤波的交互式多模型算法。该算法在粒子先验分布更新阶段,利用容积卡尔曼滤波器融入最新的观测数据并产生重要性密度函数,使其更加逼近系统真实状态的后验概率密度,改善了粒子滤波的性能。仿真表明在运算时间未显著变化的情况下,该算法与交互式多模型无迹粒子滤波算法相比有着更高的滤波精度和稳定性。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

Two Innovative Coalition Formation Models for Dynamic Task Allocation in Disaster Rescues

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.     

基于高效液相色谱法的帕瑞昔布钠位置异构体测定

建立以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定帕瑞昔布钠位置异构体的方法.以硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Agela Technologies silica 4.6×250 mm,5μm);以正己烷—异丙醇(85∶15)为流动相,流速,1.0 m L/min,柱温,30℃,检测波长,215 nm.实验表明,帕瑞昔布钠与位置异构体分离度为1.86,理论塔板数分别为8 041和8 929;在0.04μg/m L~0.64μg/m L范围内,帕瑞昔布钠异构体线性关系良好(A=70.647c-1.401,r=0.9998);重复性良好(RSD为0.12%);平均回收率为94.47%(RSD为3.03%,n=9).采用HPLC法测定帕瑞昔布钠中的位置异构体,操作简单,准确度高且灵敏度好,可为控制帕瑞昔布钠质量提供依据.