Efficiency decomposition with shared inputs and outputs in two-stage DEA

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an effective non-parametric method for measuring the relative efficiencies of decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. In many real situations, the internal structure of DMUs is a two-stage network process with shared inputs used in both stages and common outputs produced by the both stages. For example, hospitals have a two-stage network structure. Stage 1 consumes resources such as information technology system, plant, equipment and admin personnel to generate outputs such as medical records, laundry and housekeeping. Stage 2 consumes the same set of resources used by stage 1 (named shared inputs) and the outputs generated by stage 1 (named intermediate measures) to provide patient services. Besides, some of outputs, for instance, patient satisfaction degrees, are generated by the two individual stages together (named shared outputs). Since some of shared inputs and outputs are hard split up and allocated to each individual stage, it needs to develop two-stage DEA methods for evaluating the performance of two-stage network processes in such problems. This paper extends the centralized model to measure the DEA efficiency of the two-stage process with non splittable shared inputs and outputs. A weighted additive approach is used to combine the two individual stages. Moreover, additive efficiency decomposition models are developed to simultaneously evaluate the maximal and the minimal achievable efficiencies for the individual stages. Finally, an example of 17 city branches of China Construction Bank in Anhui Province is employed to illustrate the proposed approach.     

功劳木中生物碱类成分抗氧化活性研究

利用DPPH法测定功劳木中生物碱成分的抗氧化活性,采用pH 区带精制逆流色谱分离出小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀、非洲防己碱和千金藤宁碱5种成分。通过测定功劳木总生物碱以及单体生物碱成分对DPPH自由基清除力,来评价功劳木中主要生物碱类成分的体外抗氧化能力。结果显示,在0～25 μg/mL范围内DPPH溶液浓度与吸光度呈线性正相关关系。功劳木总生物碱、小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀、非洲防己碱以及千金藤宁碱的半抑制浓度（IC50）依次为0.07、0.32、0.24、0.20、0.18、0.59 mg/mL。因此,功劳木生物碱类成分具有一定的抗氧化能力,且随生物碱浓度的升高而增强,总生物碱抗氧化能力强于单体成分。功劳木生物碱抗氧化活性可能为协同效应。     

牛膝中齐墩果酸和β-蜕皮甾酮的HPLC法含量测定及指纹图谱研究

建立了中药牛膝的HPLC指纹图谱并同时测定其中齐墩果酸和β-蜕皮甾酮的含量。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 0.6%甲酸,柱温为25 ℃,检测波长为260 nm,进行了13批次牛膝药材的分析。牛膝药材的HPLC指纹图谱共有16个共有峰,4个特征峰,定量测定了其中两个峰β 蜕皮甾酮和齐墩果酸。通过相似度分析初步断定,不同地域的牛膝药材在质量上存在明显的差异。该研究为建立牛膝药材的质量控制体系提供了方法和技术支持。     

Effects of sintering atmosphere on the physical and mechanical properties of modified BOF slag glass

This study proposes an efficient way to utilize all the chemical components of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag to prepare high value-added glass-ceramics. A molten modified BOF slag was converted from the melting BOF slag by reducing it and separating out iron component in it, and the modified BOF slag was then quenched in water to form glasses with different basicities. The glasses were subsequently sintered in the temperature range of 600–1000℃ in air or nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h. The effects of different atmospheres on the physical and mechanical properties of sintered samples were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by conducting experiment on evaluating the sintering shrinkage, water absorption and bulk density. It is found that the kinetics of the sintering process is significantly affected by sintering atmosphere. In particular, compared with sintering in air atmosphere, sintering in N₂ atmosphere promotes the synergistic growth of pyroxene and melilite crystalline phases, which can contribute to better mechanical properties and denser microstructure.     

细胞周期检测作为生物相容性评价指标的研究

应用体外细胞培养法,观察不同质量分数羟基磷灰石浸提液对L-929细胞的细胞学形态的影响,同时采用MTT比色法评价羟基磷灰石对L-929生长和增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测羟基磷灰石浸提液对L-929 细胞生长周期及凋亡的影响.结果表明,羟基磷灰石浸提液对体外培养的细胞形态无明显影响,对细胞生长和增殖无明显抑制作用;不同质量分数材料浸提液的细胞毒性为0～1级;随羟基磷灰石浸提液质量分数的升高,细胞凋亡率逐渐上升;50%、75%、100%羟基磷灰石浸提液组能明显降低G0/G1期细胞比例,增加S,G2/M期细胞比例,能增加L-929细胞DNA的合成,促进细胞生长和组织修复.细胞周期检测是生物材料生物相容性评价的一种可靠方法和指标.     

基于围岩受力影响的小净距隧道开挖方法优化

为了确定某小净距隧道适宜的开挖方法,利用有限元软件对全断面法、台阶法和单侧壁导坑法进行模拟,分析不同开挖方法引起的围岩应力云图,并重点对不同的开挖方法引起先行洞围岩及中夹岩柱的受力变化进行对比。结果表明:隧道开挖后在两洞仰拱部位出现拉应力集中区,两隧道之间最近的中夹岩柱是受力最为显著的部位,不同的开挖方法在周边围岩中产生的应力大小及变化趋势也存在差异,全断面开挖方法对先行洞周边围岩影响较小,台阶法的施工在两洞之间引起的应力较小。由此确定该小净距隧道先行洞采用全断面法,后洞采用台阶法进行开挖,通过现场实施,证明方法可行。     

叶尖结构变化对风力机噪声源分布特性的影响

为探究由水平轴风力机叶尖结构变化所造成的风力机噪声源分布特性的规律,利用圆盘声阵列系统对不同叶尖结构风力机采用近场声全息技术和远场波束形成技术进行噪声源识别.采集得到运行中的水平轴风力机在额定工况下的噪声信号,分析了噪声源声压级变化情况以及风力机噪声声源位置的分布规律.结果 表明:叶尖结构变化可以有效降低风力机的气动噪声,改变了风力机叶尖噪声的强度和产生位置,在一定程度上降低了叶尖噪声.通过对风力机叶尖结构的优化设计可以在不损害风力机气动性能的同时,实现较好的降噪效果.     

树叶状Co和Co3O4的水热合成与磁性研究

以氯化钴(CoCl2.6H2O)和氢氧化钠作为反应前驱物,采用水热法合成微米级树叶状钴单质,在500℃退火条件下得到形貌相似的Co3O4粒子,并运用XRD、SEM和VSM对所得粒子的结构、形貌和磁性能进行了初步研究。结果表明,树叶状钴单质表现出室温铁磁行为,具有较高的磁参数,其中饱和磁化强度为139.3emu/g、矫顽力为29.5kA/m。同时发现,在500℃×1h退火后的Co3O4还出现极弱的铁磁性行为,可能是未完全氧化的Co单质所产生。     

国立科研机构科技评价比较研究：基于机构战略定位的视角

从机构战略定位的视角出发,选取了德国马普学会、弗劳恩霍夫协会、美国能源部国家实验室和日本产业技术综合研究所四个具有代表性的国立科研机构,比较了不同战略定位类型的国立科研机构科技评价的特点,并结合中国科学院的评价实践,探讨了我国国立科研机构通过科技评价促进战略定位实现所面临的问题与挑战。     

活性氧双向生物学效应和机制

指出了活性氧（ROS）是普遍存在于有氧代谢中的产物,其化学性质极为活跃,有关ROS对人体的危害已逐渐得到公认.然而,越来越多的研究提示,一直被认为是人类疾病元凶的ROS对机体和细胞也有有益的一面.综述了ROS的研究进展,揭示了ROS通过调节离子通道、受体、酶以及转录因子的活性和改变细胞氧化还原状态,进而参与细胞的正常生理过程（细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡）,从而讨论了ROS的双向生物学效应和机制.