浅谈工程量清单计价的特点

文章从不同方面分析了工程量清单计价与按定额计价相比的特点，以及工程量清单计价的基本程序。     

A Simple Linear Regression Approach to Modeling and Forecasting Mortality Rates

Observing that a sequence of negative logarithms of 1‐year survival probabilities displays a linear relationship with the sequence of corresponding terms with a time lag of a certain number of years, we propose a simple linear regression to model and forecast mortality rates. Our model assuming the linearity between two mortality sequences with a time lag each other does not need to formulate the time trends of mortality rates across ages for mortality prediction. Moreover, the parameters of our model for a given age depend on the mortality rates for that age only. Therefore, whether the span of the study ages with the age included is widened or shortened will not affect the results of mortality fitting and forecasting for that age. In the empirical testing, the regression results using the mortality data for the UK, USA and Japan show a satisfactory goodness of fit, which convinces us of the appropriateness of the linear assumption. Empirical illustrations further show that our model's performances of fitting and forecasting mortality rates are quite satisfactory compared with the existing well‐known mortality models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Maize HapMap2 identifies extant variation from a genome in flux

Whereas breeders have exploited diversity in maize for yield improvements, there has been limited progress in using beneficial alleles in undomesticated varieties. Characterizing standing variation in this complex genome has been challenging, with only a small fraction of it described to date. Using a population genetics scoring model, we identified 55 million SNPs in 103 lines across pre-domestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties, including a representative from the sister genus Tripsacum. We find that structural variations are pervasive in the Z. mays genome and are enriched at loci associated with important traits. By investigating the drivers of genome size variation, we find that the larger Tripsacum genome can be explained by transposable element abundance rather than an allopolyploid origin. In contrast, intraspecies genome size variation seems to be controlled by chromosomal knob content. There is tremendous overlap in key gene content in maize and Tripsacum, suggesting that adaptations from Tripsacum (for example, perennialism and frost and drought tolerance) can likely be integrated into maize.     

关于极小非幂零群的正规Sylow子群的换位子群的生成元集

讨论了极小非幂零群的正规Sylow子群P的换位子群P’，确定了换位子群P’的一个生成元集．从而用简单的和纯群论方法得到换位子群P’的阶|P’|的上界，并进而得到不等式|P’|≤|P|^1／3．此外，通过相关的本原单位根，给出了换位子群P’的阶|P’|达到这个上界的一个必要条件。     

基于一类复合型性能指标的线性最优控制问题

讨论基于一类复合型性能指标的线性最优控制问题.应用最优控制理论推导出问题的最优控制解的形式,得出最优控制是不依赖于系统状态的开环控制.另外得到了最优价值函数的具体形式,并证明了价值函数关于系统状态x是线性的.     

多波长同时测定食品中4种合成色素

本文研究了紫外分光光度法多波长同时测定食品中合成色素的最佳测试条件,确定了各色素在该测试系统中的最佳波长。测定了各色素在不同波长的百分比浓度吸光系数,方法变异系数为:3.09％～6.62％,回收率为:96.4％～104.2％。     

短期利率期货的定价与价差分析

讨论了短期利率期货的套利定价与基差的基本原理,比较分析了期货价格与ＦＲＡ（远期利率协议）的行为,探讨了价差头寸问题。     

A tiling resolution DNA microarray with complete coverage of the human genome

We constructed a tiling resolution array consisting of 32,433 overlapping BAC clones covering the entire human genome. This increases our ability to identify genetic alterations and their boundaries throughout the genome in a single comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiment. At this tiling resolution, we identified minute DNA alterations not previously reported. These alterations include microamplifications and deletions containing oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes and new genes that may be associated with multiple tumor types. Our findings show the need to move beyond conventional marker-based genome comparison approaches, that rely on inference of continuity between interval markers. Our submegabase resolution tiling set for array CGH (SMRT array) allows comprehensive assessment of genomic integrity and thereby the identification of new genes associated with disease.