对近似收敛数列空间A_c(R)性质的探讨

从实数域上近似收敛数列空间Ac(R)定义出发,指出了收敛数列空间和近似收敛数列空间Ac(R)的包含关系和稠密性,介绍了近似收敛数列空间Ac(R)的一些基本性质,着重讨论了近似收敛数列空间Ac(R)的可分性及其对偶空间,最后又给出了近似收敛数列空间Ac(R)不是局部凸且不是局部有界的证明.     

中西绘画用线——唐寅和波提切利用线造型之比较

线在中西古今绘画中一直是被视为造型语言的重要因素.由于文化传统、美学观念、观察与表现方法、使用材料等方面的差异,它们在艺术面貌中各具神采.文章通过时同一时期的绘画大师唐寅与波提切利绘画作品中用线造型的历史背景、共性、观念、来源、功能特征、审美取向的研究,比较唐寅与渡提切利这两位绘画大师在人物作品中用线造型的异同,进而对中西方绘画用线造型得到进一步的了解和认识.     

316L不锈钢表面纳米化残余应力对材料性能的影响

高速旋转丝表面纳米化是一种新型的表面纳米化方法,本文对316L不锈钢表面进行纳米化处理,测定残余应力在材料内部的分布.通过分析、对比实验数据,表面纳米化处理方法,能够在材料内部引入大量残余压应力,提升材料的力学性能.     

浅谈数理统计在工程中的运用

数理统计是具有广泛应用的一个数学分支,它越来越多地运用于理、工、农、医、文等方面,它在解决现代科学的最重要和最多样化的课题中起着主导作用。在现实生活和工作中,人们也越来越离不开统计。文章主要针对数理统计对工程数据的处理进行论述,用例举法来表述其在工程中的应用。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

The circadian molecular clock creates epidermal stem cell heterogeneity

Murine epidermal stem cells undergo alternate cycles of dormancy and activation, fuelling tissue renewal. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, indicating that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states. Using a circadian-clock reporter-mouse model, here we show that the dormant hair-follicle stem cell niche contains coexisting populations of cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. The core clock protein Bmal1 modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes in an oscillatory manner, to create populations that are either predisposed, or less prone, to activation. Disrupting this clock equilibrium, through deletion of Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) or Per1/2, resulted in a progressive accumulation or depletion of dormant stem cells, respectively. Stem cell arrhythmia also led to premature epidermal ageing, and a reduction in the development of squamous tumours. Our results indicate that the circadian clock fine-tunes the temporal behaviour of epidermal stem cells, and that its perturbation affects homeostasis and the predisposition to tumorigenesis.     

Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1

Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.     

城市河道黑臭评价模型研究进展

介绍了城市河道黑臭的成因及机理,评述了目前国内外在城市河道黑臭评价方面所取得的一系列成果.对目前国内外各类河道黑臭评价模型进行比较,筛选出多元线性回归模型、有机污染指数模型、黑臭多因子加权指数模型和综合水质标识指数法这几种使用较为广泛的模型并进行分析,并对城市河道黑臭评价模型建立的发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于模糊人工神经网络的金属矿山投资风险评价

为了尽量减少金属矿山项目开发投资风险,总结分析了影响金属矿山投资的众多因素,将这些影响因素进行分级分类,建立科学的矿山投资评价体系.将模糊理论与神经网络结合起来建立评价模型,首先利用模糊理论对各影响指标进行模糊化处理,然后将模糊化后的结果作为神经网络的初始输入,利用神经网络进行学习训练,模型的最终输出结果可以用来评价金...