O2/CO2气氛下燃煤过程中SO2排放特性实验

通过沉降炉对O2/CO2气氛和空气气氛下煤粉燃烧过程中SO2排放特性进行实验,结果表明,随燃料/氧化学当量比的增加,烟气中SO2浓度升高,单位煤生成SO2的量随燃料/氧化学当量比的增加而减少.在实验条件下,不加石灰石时,气氛和温度对SO2的生成无明显影响,SO2的生成量只与煤中含硫量以及煤的种类有关.当煤中加入石灰石后,O2/CO2气氛下SO2的排放量远小于空气气氛下,这主要是因为石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下取得的脱硫效率大大高于空气气氛下的脱硫效率.     

高压浓相煤粉气力输送差压信号多分辨分析

为了探究高压浓相气力输送过程中时频空间的内部特征,利用六尺度多分辨小波分析对试验差压信号进行时频分解.引进能量、Shannon熵和标准差STD作为特征量对气固两相流频域空间进行分析.分析表明:浓相气力输送过程中,差压信号中的能量主要分布在低频区,Shannon熵从高频到低频上呈先减小后增大分布趋势.在相同的试验压力条件下,随着表观速度的增大,低频所占据的能量份额减小,信号脉动向高频移动;高频d1和d2的Shannon熵和a6上的STD增大,低频d4~d6上的Shannon熵和d1~d6上的STD减小.为进一步研究流型辨识及流动稳定性提供了新方法.     

基于漫水填充的图像骨架提取方法

针对当前图像骨架提取存在毛刺现象和骨架冗余的问题,提出基于漫水填充的图像骨架提取方法。对目标图像预处理,得到阈值化二值图像,分割出前景和背景;构建掩模图像和轴线图,为后续运算过程提供数据来源和判断依据;通过遍历水平面灰度直方图,模拟漫水过程,收缩掩膜图像的前景轮廓,根据邻域连通分量变化,确定是否为骨架特征点,待轮廓收缩完毕,得到图像骨架。实验验证表明,该方法可以有效地提取图像骨架,毛刺现象和冗余结构明显减少,执行速度快。     

基于Max(N,D)策略的MG1排队系统的稳态指标

考虑一个由N策略和D策略同时控制的MG1排队系统.当顾客的到达个数至少为N个同时等待顾客的服务时间之和大于某非负实数D时,空闲的服务台重新开始服务顾客(称此服务启动策略为Max(N,D)策略).在此策略下,由于闲期到达顾客的服务时间是条件相依的,故队长的随机分解不再成立.通过将顾客分成两类,并借助拉普拉斯变换和概率分析,研究了该排队系统的稳态队长分布、稳态闲期和忙期分布、稳态服务时间积压量分布以及顾客的稳态逗留时间分布.数值算例分析了N、D和Max(N,D)策略对稳态平均队长的影响.在数值上获得了系统稳态费用最小的最优策略临界值,并比较了N、D、Max(N,D)和Min(N,D)策略的优越性.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

改进的多方向融合图像插值算法

为了解决数字图像插值过程中出现的边缘模糊和锯齿现象,提出一种改进的多方向融合图像插值算法.该算法将图像分为平坦区域和边缘区域,平坦区域采用双线性插值算法进行插值,边缘区域采用多方向融合算法进行插值.实验结果表明,该算法运算复杂度小,其结果在主观视觉效果和客观指标方面都有很大的改善,且适用于任意倍数的插值放大.     

A genetic interaction network of five genes for human polycystic kidney and liver diseases defines polycystin-1 as the central determinant of cyst formation

Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease results from mutations in PRKCSH or SEC63. The respective gene products, glucosidase IIβ and SEC63p, function in protein translocation and quality control pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that glucosidase IIβ and Sec63p are required in mice for adequate expression of a functional complex of the polycystic kidney disease gene products, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. We find that polycystin-1 is the rate-limiting component of this complex and that there is a dose-response relationship between cystic dilation and levels of functional polycystin-1 following mutation of Prkcsh or Sec63. Reduced expression of polycystin-1 also serves to sensitize the kidney to cyst formation resulting from mutations in Pkhd1, the recessive polycystic kidney disease gene. Finally, we show that proteasome inhibition increases steady-state levels of polycystin-1 in cells lacking glucosidase IIβ and that treatment with a proteasome inhibitor reduces cystic disease in orthologous gene models of human autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease.     

New model for load-sharing k-out-of-n: G system with different components

On the basis of capacity flow model, a new model is developed for a load-sharing k-out-of-n： G system consisting of different components, to describe the increase of the same component＇s failure rates under different loads. All components have exponential life distributions and are nonrepairable in the system. Reliability of load- sharing 2-out- of-3： G system is calculated and some special cases for the system are discussed. The calculation and discussions show that the model is right and practical.     

Control of a key transition from prostrate to erect growth in rice domestication

The transition from the prostrate growth of ancestral wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) to the erect growth of Oryza sativa cultivars was one of the most critical events in rice domestication. This evolutionary step importantly improved plant architecture and increased grain yield. Here we find that prostrate growth of wild rice from Yuanjiang County in China is controlled by a semi-dominant gene, PROG1 (PROSTRATE GROWTH 1), on chromosome 7 that encodes a single Cys(2)-His(2) zinc-finger protein. prog1 variants identified in O. sativa disrupt the prog1 function and inactivate prog1 expression, leading to erect growth, greater grain number and higher grain yield in cultivated rice. Sequence comparison shows that 182 varieties of cultivated rice, including 87 indica and 95 japonica cultivars from 17 countries, carry identical mutations in the prog1 coding region that may have become fixed during rice domestication.     

浅析抗震设计中短柱问题及其防治

在历次地震灾害中,根据对灾区大量的房屋建筑的研究调查,房屋中大量出现由于形成短柱而产生的破坏。文章叙述了形成短柱的原因,明确了短柱的判定方法,并提出了一些处理措施。从而提高建筑物的抗震性能,避免发生脆性破坏,达到抗震设计的基本要求。