涠洲岛两种石珊瑚在高温胁迫下共生细菌群落结构变化特征

石珊瑚中的块状珊瑚与枝状珊瑚对全球气候变暖胁迫的耐受能力明显不同,但其机制仍不清楚。本研究选择北部湾涠洲岛的一种属于块状珊瑚的海孔角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites halicora)和一种属于枝状珊瑚的浪花鹿角珊瑚(Acropora cytherea)为研究对象,通过室内模拟实验,分析高温胁迫下(26～34℃) 2种珊瑚共生细菌群落的响应特征。结果表明:共生细菌多样性具有差异性,A.cytherea共生细菌的多样性随着温度上升变化显著,Shannon指数由2.20变为4.05,而F.halicora变化幅度较小,在2.69～3.19波动;主导细菌存在差异,在门水平上,F.halicora占主导地位的共生细菌为Proteobacteria (29%～73%)、Cyanobacteria (7%～63%)和Bacteroidetes(3%～13%),而A. cytherea为Proteobacteria (49%～90%)、Cyanobacteria (1%～16%)、Bacteroidetes (3%～16%)、Firmicutes (1%～6%)和一个未分类的细菌门unclassified_k_norank(0.6%～21.0%);升温胁迫时,主导细菌的丰度变化存在差别,Bacteroidetes在F.halicora中显著降低,而在A.cytherea中显著升高,unclassified_k_norank在A.cytherea中也显著升高;随着温度升高,2种珊瑚共生细菌的变化趋势一致,但珊瑚中出现潜在致病菌Vibrio的温度不同,F.halicora在34℃胁迫时出现,A.cytherea在30℃和34℃胁迫时均出现。根据上述结果推测,珊瑚共生细菌的差异性可能是导致块状珊瑚比枝状珊瑚更耐受高温的重要原因。     

Mechanical and corrosion properties of low-carbon steel prepared by friction stir processing

Low-carbon steel plates were successfully subjected to normal friction stir processing(NFSP) in air and submerged friction stir processing(SFSP) under water, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the NFSP and SFSP samples were investigated. Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization resulted in fine-grained ferrite and martensite in the processed zone. The SFSP samples had smaller ferrites(5.1 μm), finer martensite laths(557 nm), and more uniform distribution of martensite compared to the NFSP samples. Compared to the base material(BM), the microhardness of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 19.8% and 27.1%, respectively because of the combined strengthening effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and dislocation. The ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 27.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Grain refinement and martensite transformation also improved the electrochemical corrosion properties of the low-carbon steel. Overall, the SFSP samples had better mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance than the NFSP samples.     

木麻黄及2种相思海防林活立木应力波传播速度的影响因素分析

采用应力波技术分析海南岛海防林主要树种、胸径、不同气候分布区、活立木不同方位等因素对活立木应力波传播速度的影响。结果表明:(1)木麻黄应力波传播速度与胸径大小呈极显著正相关,其中S型曲线和倒函数曲线的相关性远好于直线的相关性,但二者之间的相关性主要适用于中小径级范围内,胸径大于16 cm后应力传播波速度基本稳定;(2)不同树种应力波传播速度具有一定的差异性,相同胸径条件下(DBH:12～16 cm),木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia的应力波传播速度最大(4211.90 m·s-1),马占相思Acacia mangium次之(4025.17 m·s-1),大叶相思Acacia auriculiformis最小(3543.75 m·s-1),且DBH≥18 cm时,各径级木麻黄应力波传播速度也均大于马占相思,表明木麻黄的抗风性能良好;(3)不同气候分布区及活立木不同方位对木麻黄应力波传播速度无显著影响。研究结果对评价海防林不同树种的抗风性能具有重要意义。     

Higher-order principal component pursuit via tensor approximation and convex optimization

Recovering the low-rank structure of data matrix from sparse errors arises in the principal component pursuit （PCP）. This paper exploits the higher-order generalization of matrix recovery, named higher-order principal component pursuit （HOPCP）, since it is critical in multi-way data analysis. Unlike the convexification （nuclear norm） for matrix rank function, the tensorial nuclear norm is stil an open problem. While existing preliminary works on the tensor completion field provide a viable way to indicate the low complexity estimate of tensor, therefore, the paper focuses on the low multi-linear rank tensor and adopt its convex relaxation to formulate the convex optimization model of HOPCP. The paper further propose two algorithms for HOPCP based on alternative minimization scheme： the augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method （ALADM） and its truncated higher-order singular value decomposition （ALADM-THOSVD） version. The former can obtain a high accuracy solution while the latter is more efficient to handle the computationally intractable problems. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real magnetic resonance imaging data show the applicability of our algorithms in high-dimensional tensor data processing.     

The age of synthesis: From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.     

Drosophila TCTP is essential for growth and proliferation through regulation of dRheb GTPase

Cellular growth and proliferation are coordinated during organogenesis. Misregulation of these processes leads to pathological conditions such as cancer. Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a benign tumour syndrome caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 tumour suppressor genes. Studies in Drosophila and other organisms have identified TSC signalling as a conserved pathway for growth control. Activation of the TSC pathway is mediated by Rheb (Ras homologue enriched in brain), a Ras superfamily GTPase. Rheb is a direct target of TSC2 and is negatively regulated by its GTPase-activating protein activity. However, molecules required for positive regulation of Rheb have not been identified. Here we show that a conserved protein, translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP), is an essential new component of the TSC-Rheb pathway. Reducing Drosophila TCTP (dTCTP) levels reduces cell size, cell number and organ size, which mimics Drosophila Rheb (dRheb) mutant phenotypes. dTCTP is genetically epistatic to Tsc1 and dRheb, but acts upstream of dS6k, a downstream target of dRheb. dTCTP directly associates with dRheb and displays guanine nucleotide exchange activity with it in vivo and in vitro. Human TCTP (hTCTP) shows similar biochemical properties compared to dTCTP and can rescue dTCTP mutant phenotypes, suggesting that the function of TCTP in the TSC pathway is evolutionarily conserved. Our studies identify TCTP as a direct regulator of Rheb and a potential therapeutic target for TSC disease.     

一个关于中国股票市场和宏观经济相互关系的实证分析

在简单介绍SVAR模型的基础上,对我国实体经济扰动和股市扰动对股票市场的影响作了实证分析,结果表明:目前我国股票市场的变化主要来源于股市扰动本身;各实体经济扰动虽有着稳定的影响,但不及股市自身的大,这可能和我国具体的融资环境有关.     

S7上保持正曲率的3维塌缩

证明了七维欧氏球面S7上存在一系列正曲率度量,使得在Gromov-Hausdorff收敛的意义下塌陷到S41/2,即常曲率为4的四维单连通空间型.     

音频贝叶斯谐波模型中参数的提取

由于音乐信号具有暂态特性、夹杂噪声、且它的基频在频域上具有复杂的结构,因此分析音乐信号是一项复杂的工作.本文在分析音乐信号时引入了音频贝叶斯谐波模型,并在此基础上提出了一个基于贝叶斯谐波模型的简化模型,然后采用可逆跳转蒙特卡罗(RJMCMC)采样算法对此模型中基频参数和谐波幅度进行了估计,仿真结果表明该算法取得了较好的效果.     

Erratum to: <Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> induction of mouse meningeal-derived iPS cells into neural-like cells

The authors report that incorrect figures were included as Figures 4 and 5 in the original publication of this paper. This error occurred during the figure editing process of the publishing company. This information should have been presented as follows: