高功率微波弹对GNSS接收机毁伤效果分析

针对高功率微波（high-power microwave,HPM）武器易对全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）接收机造成毁伤的问题,以高功率微波弹为对象,分析了不同弹体起爆姿态下的攻击范围与效果。在电磁仿真软件CST-MWS（CST microwave studio）中建立GNSS接收机辐照模型,设计了圆极化贴片天线为接收载体,以单脉冲正弦信号调制的平面波模拟高功率微波弹起爆后的辐射场效应。在电磁能量前门耦合的基础上,基于场—路联合仿真方法给出了一种仿真模型,将天线端口感应电压注入电路仿真软件ADS中设计的PIN限幅器,完整模拟了HPM由场到路的耦合过程。仿真给出了以微波源峰值功率为变量的敏感器件毁伤评价曲线,结果表明,GNSS接收机射频前端电路中的低噪声放大器是HPM武器的主要攻击对象,以ERA-2+型低噪放为例,脉冲峰值功率在27~310 kV的微波源均可造成其晶体管烧毁。同时,HPM也容易引发限幅器在一定功率范围内产生尖峰泄漏现象,其尖峰泄露对电路可能产生的损伤值得重视。研究结论可为下一步开展卫星导航接收机针对性电磁防护设计提供依据与技术指标。     

粉煤灰混凝土配合比设计中的多元统计分析

在混凝土中掺入粉煤灰等矿物掺合料能够有效地改善混凝土的综合性能,而这一技术的关键是矿物掺合料的比例设计。由于这是一个复杂的物理化学过程,至今还没有通用的数学模型来指导配比设计。文章根据实验中的样本数据,利用多元统计的方法得到线性回归数学模型。计算结果表明,该模型能够很好地与实际数据相吻合,对实际进行混凝土配合比设计具有一定的参考价值。     

加快推进高技术建筑的中国化

加快推进高技术建筑的中国化是极为迫切的,同时也需要做出更为艰巨的努力。为此首先要正确理解高技术建筑地域化的本质,它要求建筑师将建筑所处基地的地域元素贯穿于建筑设计之中。其次,应继承与发扬中国传统文化,在建筑实践中继承与发展中国的传统文化。此外,还应进一步加强对中国传统建筑技术的挖掘与现代化运用,传统技术的现代化能促进地方特色、传统文脉的有机生长,使高技术建筑在中国能发展为一个新的充满生机活力的有机体。     

微波等离子体法制备纳米钼粉

阐述用微波等离子法制备纳米金属钼粉的原理,探讨了此法制备纳米钼粉颗粒的工艺与影响因素,并以羰基钼为原料制得纳米级钼粉,平均粒径小于５０ｎｍ,还研究了钼粉在空气中的热稳定性。     

团体辅导提高大学生自我效能感的实验研究

对团体辅导提高大学生自我效能感的可行性及有效性进行实验研究,将34名大学生随机分为实验组和对照组,采用单因素重复测量设计自然实验,在3个月内对实验组进行10次团体辅导。采用自我效能感评定量表并结合学生自评进行评估,结果表明,辅导前后实验组的自我效能感分数表现差异显著,学生自评中自信心有很大提高,说明团体辅导在提高学生的自我效能感、增强自信心方面有良好的作用。     

大数据在基础教育管理与决策中的应用研究

进入大数据时代后,基础教育管理和运行迎来了更多的发展机遇,基于大数据的预测、分析将逐步融入基础教育管理和决策中。大数据技术和思维将影响基础教育管理与决策的各个环节,影响基础教育发展规划,改变基础教育教学评价体系,甚至在基础教育教学思维中产生深远的影响。基础教育管理工作者应主动研究和思考,以积极的态度迎接大数据时代的来临。     

聚氨酯材料在生物医学中的研究进展

聚氨酯是一种合成的高分子化合物,有较好的机械性能、高弹性和理想的生物相容性,被广泛地用于生物医学领域。本文综述了聚氨酯在凝胶材料、弹性体材料、膜材料以及抗菌材料等方面的研究现状及应用前景。     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Protein intrinsic disorder as a flexible armor and a weapon of HIV-1

Many proteins and protein regions are disordered in their native, biologically active states. These proteins/regions are abundant in different organisms and carry out important biological functions that complement the functional repertoire of ordered proteins. Viruses, with their highly compact genomes, small proteomes, and high adaptability for fast change in their biological and physical environment utilize many of the advantages of intrinsic disorder. In fact, viral proteins are generally rich in intrinsic disorder, and intrinsically disordered regions are commonly used by viruses to invade the host organisms, to hijack various host systems, and to help viruses in accommodation to their hostile habitats and to manage their economic usage of genetic material. In this review, we focus on the structural peculiarities of HIV-1 proteins, on the abundance of intrinsic disorder in viral proteins, and on the role of intrinsic disorder in their functions.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.