Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> over China based on satellite observations

Mid-troposphere CO₂ data retrieved by the AIRS (atmospheric infrared sounder) were validated with five ground-based stations and aircraft measurements in the Northern Hemisphere. AIRS CO₂ products show good agreement with ground and aircraft observations. The data had a monthly average accuracy better than 3 ppmv. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of mid-troposphere CO₂ from January 2003 to December 2008 was analyzed based on this satellite product. The average concentration of atmospheric CO₂ was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The yearly average results show a gradual increase from 2003 to 2008. In China, the annual growth rate was about 2 ppmv/a, similar to the United States, Europe, Australia and India, but was slightly lower than Canada and Russia. Mid-troposphere CO₂ concentrations were higher over northern China than over southern areas, due to differences in natural conditions and industrial layout. There were four centers of high CO₂ concentration between 35° and 45°N over China, with low concentrations over Yunnan Province. There was a significant seasonal CO₂ variation with peak concentration in spring and the lowest concentration in autumn.     

人工挖孔灌注桩施工及质量控制要点

从施工及监理的角度,主要从施工前的准备、挖孔、钢筋笼、浇注砼及成桩等几个方面较为详尽地阐述了人工挖孔灌注桩的施工及质量验收的要点。     

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed inorganic/organic core/shell microspheres with fluorescence

In recent years, the semiconductor nanocrystals （NCs） have attracted great interest due to their potentials in photonics, electronics, magnetics and catalysis, and the monodispersed organic or inorganic microspheres doped NCs display predominant characteristics in the fabrication and study for photonic crystals, and considerable effor thas been devoted to the design and synthesis of CdTe NCs doped colloid with well fluorescencet.     

松嫩平原参考作物蒸散量变化及其影响因素分析

利用松嫩平原19个站点的常规气象数据,采用FAO最新推荐的P—M公式计算了松嫩平原2000—2007年的参考作物日蒸散量、月蒸散量及年蒸散量,在此基础上分析了参考作物蒸散量的年际、年内时空变化特征,并探讨了参考作物蒸散量对主要影响因素的敏感性。结果表明：①松嫩平原的多年平均参考作物蒸散量从东北向西南逐渐增加,通榆、白城为全区的高蒸散中心,北安为低蒸散中心;②松嫩平原多年平均参考作物月蒸散量最高值出现在5月,而不是出现在气温最高的7月,最低气温出现在1月;③在参考作物蒸散量的诸多影响因素中,日最高气温、日平均相对湿度的影响最为明显,其次是日平均风速与日照时数,日最低气温与高程对参考作物蒸散量的影响很小,几乎可以忽略。图8,表2,参15。关键词：松嫩平原;参考作物蒸散;Penman—Monteith公式;敏感性分析     

吉林省伊通县农田土壤养分空间变异特征

以伊通县耕层土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾为研究对象。利用地统计与GIS技术相结合的方法。研究4种土壤养分的空间分布特征。结果表明：各变量均服从正态分布,有机质和碱解氮含量的最佳半方差函数理论模型为指数模型,有效磷和速效钾的最佳模型为孔穴效应模型。有机质具有较强的空间相关性,碱解氮具有中度的空间相关性,有效磷和速效钾具有较弱的空间相关性,各变量的空间自相关距离分别为822．4km、977．6km、194．2km和116．4km。有机质和碱解氮含量的空间变异主要受结构性因素（土壤类型、地形地貌和水文条件等）的影响,并且它们的空间分布格局具有相似性;有效磷和速效钾主要受随机性因素（如施肥、土地利用）的影响,其分布表现出较强的空闻异质性。研究结果可为土壤取样间距设计、定位施肥和农田管理提供一定的参考依据。图4,表3,参16。     

松嫩平原西部草地退化研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用1986、1995、2000年3期遥感影像.解译提取松嫩平原西部草地空间信息,分析其时空动态变化及草地退化的自然及人文因素.结果表明,14a来,草地面积减少24.70%,草地退化严重;高覆盖度草地减少迅速,对该区草地资源减少率的贡献较大,低覆盖度草地发展速度最快;草地主要转化为林地、耕地、未利用地和盐碱地:研究区草地退化是自然因素与人为因素共同作用的结果,气温升高、降水减少等自然因素是草地退化形成的基本条件,而人口增加、过度放牧等人类活动干扰则是决定因素.图4,表2,参17.     

系统论在高校统计信息资源整合中的应用

本文在进一步阐述高校统计信息资源对于强化高校内部管理和优化高校外部环境积极作用的同时,通过结合系统论原理,分析当前高校统计信息管理现状,针对性地提出了整合高校统计信息资源的途径和手段,为高校统计信息资源更好地服务学校发展进行了有益尝试和深入探索。     

吉林省近50年粮食产量及作物结构变化研究

通过分析吉林省近50年的粮食产量变化趋势及粮食作物种植结构变化,可以看出吉林省近50年来粮食总产量呈"波动式"迅速增加;粮食结构也发生了巨大的变化,由大豆、玉米、谷子和高粱四大作物"四足鼎立"的结构模式演变为目前以玉米占绝对优势的"玉米型"经济。分析了粮食总产量增加的主要因素和影响粮食作物结构变化的主要因素;指出吉林省粮食生产中存在的问题。图3,参10。     

Dynamic Event-Triggered Control for Nonlinear Systems: A Small-Gain Approach

An event-triggered control(ETC) system transmits data packages and updates control inputs only when the predefined criterion is satisfied. In this way, network communication and computing resources are scheduled more reasonably in contrast to the traditional periodic sampling strategy.Small-gain approach proposed in recent literatures is a new modeling method to deal with nonlinear ETC systems. Different from traditional ETC models, stability criteria are proposed in the form of input to state stability(ISS) gain to design the triggering mechanisms. This paper introduces additional dynamic variables in this model and proposes a small-gain based dynamic event-triggered strategy.Sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the system are derived with the help of cyclic-smallgain theorem and Zeno behaviors are avoided to ensure the feasibility of this method in practical applications. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.