振动对於具有乾摩擦系统的影响

引言 近年来在技术的各个领域中常遇到有乾(库伦)摩擦力存在时的具有一个或几个自由度的力学系统的强迫振动问题。其中包括以下诸问题: (1)关于利用振动傅送材料的问题; (2)关于利用振动使椿及筍接物沉入或拔出的问题; (3)关于利用振动切削的问题; (4)关于作用在建筑物上动载荷的某些问题; (5)自动调节理论的各种问题。 所引起的力学问题可以分成三类:1)运动性质的定性的研究;2)求调期运动,它的存在域及稳定域;3)研究当振动时介质中发生的物理过程(特别是在振动的影响下力学常数的改变)。 以上所列举的问题是解决设计师所面临的一系列基本问…     

乘气球环游世界

英国气球航行家计划仅用三星期,而不是五星期,待在一个悬吊在气球下的增压篮里,以每小时160公里的速度飞行于海拔一万三千米高空,实现环球飞行这一创举.一批英国专家准备创造这样一项奇迹:乘坐无牵引气球,在海拔一万三千米高空,以平均一百六十公里的时速环球飞行。毫无疑问,这些专家十分大胆,而要得到成功,     

用柱面和球面波展开抛物面波(英文)

我们给出了抛物坐标系中Helmholtz方程正则解,还得到了这些抛物面波按柱面和球面波展开。     

系统有效性及其模型的发展概况

五十年代末和六十年代初,美国陆、海、空三军为了描述军事系统完成其特定任务的总体能力,开始引入系统有效性概念。系统有效性各种定义介绍如下。 美航空无线电公司的定义是,“在特定工作条件下在给定时间内系统能成功地满足工作要求的概率”。为了定义一次使用的装置(如导弹等)的系统有效性,上述定义修改成“系统在     

飞出了这个世界

建立月球上的地下移居地,在土卫六上着陆,给飞登木星、土星的探险家施行外科手术,这些都已提到明天的议事日程上来了。     

A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way

Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres-more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities and the discovery of variable X-ray emission have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, but have hitherto been unable to rule out conclusively the presence of alternative concentrations of mass. Here we report ten years of high-resolution astrometric imaging that allows us to trace two-thirds of the orbit of the star currently closest to the compact radio source (and massive black-hole candidate) Sagittarius A*. The observations, which include both pericentre and apocentre passages, show that the star is on a bound, highly elliptical keplerian orbit around Sgr A*, with an orbital period of 15.2 years and a pericentre distance of only 17 light hours. The orbit with the best fit to the observations requires a central point mass of (3.7 +/- 1.5) x 10(6) solar masses (M(*)). The data no longer allow for a central mass composed of a dense cluster of dark stellar objects or a ball of massive, degenerate fermions.     

Re-Os isotopic evidence for long-lived heterogeneity and equilibration processes in the Earth's upper mantle

The geochemical composition of the Earth's upper mantle is thought to reflect 4.5 billion years of melt extraction, as well as the recycling of crustal materials. The fractionation of rhenium and osmium during partial melting in the upper mantle makes the Re-Os isotopic system well suited for tracing the extraction of melt and recycling of the resulting mid-ocean-ridge basalt. Here we report osmium isotope compositions of more than 700 osmium-rich platinum-group element alloys derived from the upper mantle. The osmium isotopic data form a wide, essentially gaussian distribution, demonstrating that, with respect to Re-Os isotope systematics, the upper mantle is extremely heterogeneous. As depleted and enriched domains can apparently remain unequilibrated on a timescale of billions of years, effective equilibration seems to require high degrees of partial melting, such as occur under mid-ocean ridges or in back-arc settings, where percolating melts enhance the mobility of both osmium and rhenium. We infer that the gaussian shape of the osmium isotope distribution is the signature of a random mixing process between depleted and enriched domains, resulting from a 'plum pudding' distribution in the upper mantle, rather than from individual melt depletion events.