From the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane: mechanisms of CFTR folding and trafficking

CFTR biogenesis starts with its co-translational insertion into the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and folding of the cytosolic domains, towards the acquisition of a fully folded compact native structure. Efficiency of this process is assessed by the ER quality control system that allows the exit of folded proteins but targets unfolded/misfolded CFTR to degradation. If allowed to leave the ER, CFTR is modified at the Golgi and reaches the post-Golgi compartments to be delivered to the plasma membrane where it functions as a cAMP- and phosphorylation-regulated chloride/bicarbonate channel. CFTR residence at the membrane is a balance of membrane delivery, endocytosis, and recycling. Several adaptors, motor, and scaffold proteins contribute to the regulation of CFTR stability and are involved in continuously assessing its structure through peripheral quality control systems. Regulation of CFTR biogenesis and traffic (and its dysregulation by mutations, such as the most common F508del) determine its overall activity and thus contribute to the fine modulation of chloride secretion and hydration of epithelial surfaces. This review covers old and recent knowledge on CFTR folding and trafficking from its synthesis to the regulation of its stability at the plasma membrane and highlights how several of these steps can be modulated to promote the rescue of mutant CFTR.     

Endothelial cell apoptosis in angiogenesis and vessel regression

Blood vessel regression is an essential process for ensuring blood vessel networks function at optimal efficiency and for matching blood supply to the metabolic needs of tissues as they change over time. Angiogenesis is the major mechanism by which new blood vessels are produced, but the vessel growth associated with angiogenesis must be complemented by remodeling and maturation events including the removal of redundant vessel segments and cells to fashion the newly forming vasculature into an efficient, hierarchical network. This review will summarize recent findings on the role that endothelial cell apoptosis plays in vascular remodeling during angiogenesis and in vessel regression more generally.     

DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions

Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies: index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.     

形如xw的双边无限C∞字的组合

文[1]定理2给出了形如w xw的间隙为x（｜x｜≤4）的双边无限C∞字所确定的无限C∞字w恰有12个.文章在此研究定理2的逆问题,并完全确定了形如wxw的双边无限C∞字的间隙x的取值,其中w是由定理2确定的12个无限C∞字.     

基于知识管理的技术创新机制研究

从技术与知识的关系出发,分析了技术创新过程中的知识管理需求,提出了基于知识管理的技术创新机制模型和在知识管理平台下技术创新机制的运作模式.     

XML数据签名研究与实现

XML与数字签名的有机结合相比传统的数字签名具有更多的优越性．结合实际系统的研发，介绍了XML数字签名的基本原理，讨论了如何使用数字签名技术完成对XML数据的签名，论述了签名结果的XML封装方法，使用Java语言实现了XML数据的签名与验证的核心流程，保证了XML数据的完整性和不可抵赖性,增强了应用的安全.     

内压容器压力试验无须校核应力的分析

在《化工机械》教学中发现，对钢制内压容器在压力试验时，当压力满足一条条件时，无须校核应力。     

开展幼儿科学活动的思考

提高全体国民的科学素质是教育改革的主要任务,因为没有高科学素质的人,社会就不能进入高科技时代,就不能得到可持续发展.而这一切都要从幼儿抓起,从娃娃抓起.文章以此为背景,阐述了幼儿科学活动的重要性以及科学活动对幼儿教师提出的新要求,并说明了培养幼师学生科学活动能力的方法.     

公益数字图书馆建设中存在的问题刍议

从著作权法入手,着力分析了技术保护措施和许可协议在我国公益性数字图书馆建设中所存在的问题,并提出了解决的思路.