A venomous arthropod in the Early Cambrian Sea

A number of recently evolved animals possess poison glands for feeding and/or defense.However,examples of such animals are rare in the fossil record.We report a fossil arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China.This species is regarded as the oldest known venomous arthropod based on the presence of venomous glands in its head region.The adult animal is 2-5 cm long and the body is covered entirely with a carapace.The presence of large stalk eyes and a pair of stout grasping appendages with a terminal spine suggest it was raptorial.Interestingly,the two pear-shaped,three-dimensionally preserved objects that are present in the head region and at the base of the grasping appendages closely resemble the venom glands of some living arthropods in size,shape,and position.These features indicate that the presence of venomous predators could date back 520 million years.Furthermore,our observations suggest that the feeding strategies and organs adapted for this purpose had already reached a high level of diversity and anatomical sophistication in the Early Cambrian ecosystems.     

Normalized transfer function for characterizing conversion efficiency and harmonic distortion of all-optical sampling

A novel method for characterizing the nonlinearity of all-optical sampling is proposed based on the normalized transfer function.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Furthermore,an all-optical sampling experiment is performed to verify our method.Both simulation and experiment show consistency between our method and the measurements.The method only requires normalization and polynomial fitting of the transfer curve,and enables direct expression of the nonlinearity with the coefficients of the normalized transfer function.     

加快企业技术创新步伐促进经济增长方式转变--关于阳泉市工业企业技术进步的调查与思考

文篇关于阳泉市工业企业技术进步的调查报告,介绍了阳泉市企业在科技进步方面取得的成绩,分析了该市在科技人才、资金投入、技术装备、产品结构、成果转化等方面存在的问题及其原因,提出了推动阳泉市经济持续快速发展的总体思路及一系列切实可行的对策.     

不同水/表面活性剂比的微乳液制备纳米Ni-Fe复合微粒的组成和粒径分布

用X－射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等研究了不同水／表面活性剂（[W]/[S]）比的微乳液制备纳米Ni-Fe复合微粒的组成和粒径分布，结果表明，([W]/[S]）比值不同，得到的Ni-Fe复合物微粒不但粒径不同，而产物的组成也有差异，当([W]/[S]）＞240时，微粒粒径最小，但组成复杂；当([W]/[S]）＜198时，微粒粒径呈寺大，但组成较单一，且可得到Ni-Fe合金相，各样品磁参数的测量表明，当将Ni-Fe组分总量规一化时，发现随Ni/Fe比增加，磁参数减小。     

Mean Motions in Ptolemy’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Planetary Hypotheses</Emphasis>

In the Planetary Hypotheses, Ptolemy summarizes the planetary models that he discusses in great detail in the Almagest, but he changes the mean motions to account for more prolonged comparison of observations. He gives the mean motions in two different forms: first, in terms of ‘simple, unmixed’ periods and next, in terms of ‘particular, complex’ periods, which are approximations to linear combinations of the simple periods. As a consequence, all of the epoch values for the Moon and the planets are different at era Philip. This is in part a consequence of the changes in the mean motions and in part due to changes in Ptolemy’s time in the anomaly, but not the longitude or latitude, of the Moon, the mean longitude of Saturn and Jupiter, but not Mars, and the anomaly of Venus and Mercury, the former a large change, the latter a small one. The pattern of parameter changes we see suggests that the analyses that yielded the Planetary Hypotheses parameters were not the elegant trio analyses of the Almagest but some sort of serial determinations of the parameters based on sequences of independent observations.     

电磁力场下初生富铁相在Al—Si熔体中的运动速度

采用物理模拟方法确定了Re=1-10的阻力系数经验公式，经理论分析建立了在电磁力场作用下Al-Si熔体中初生富铁相的运动方程，得出初生富铁相的运动速度随着电磁力（f)和初生富铁相的粒径的增加而增加，在电磁力场下，初生富铁相的运动速度与重力沉降速度比（ζ）随f增加而增加，当f=0.2MN/m2时，ζ=7-10.ζ     

Primary function of microcontroller EM78P458 and research on applications of its ADC on chip

The build-in structure of microcontroller EM78P458 and its application in supervising the water level of solar water heater are introduced. The circuit and the flow chart of AD conversion program are depicted. In the end, the design of assembly language program about the AD conversion is introduced. Foundation item: Research on electromaganetic scatter character of very complicate object (69571021) Biography: HUANG Ji-wu (1939-), male, Associate professor. Research direction: control with microcomputer and intelligent system.     

一种基于messyGA的分类规则提取算法

目前的遗传算法还普遍受限于模式定理，基于积木块假设的算法使得低阶短定义距的特征保留，影响到了算法的全局搜索能力。一种基于messyGA的分类算法，克服了只有低阶短定义距模式构成最优解的缺点，实验结果表明，该规则提取算法优于传统分类算法。     

Performance analysis of optimal channel estimation and multiuser detection in a randomly-spread CDMA channel

<正> This paper analyzes performance of optimal channel estimation and multiuser detection(MUD) in a block-fading code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channel on the assumptions of randomspreading and large-system limit,by using the replica method developed in statistical mechanics.The authors find that the asymptotic spectral efficiency of the linear minimum mean-squared error(LMMSE) MUD which was proposed and analyzed by Evans and Tse in 2000 is indistinguishable fromthat of the optimal MUD for small system loads.Our results imply that performance of MUD scarcelyimproves even if one spends more computational cost than that of the LMMSE MUD,i.e.,at most thecube of the number of users,on the above-described conditions.     

Performance comparison of distributed state estimation algorithms for power systems

A newly proposed distributed dynamic state estimation algorithm based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) technique is generalised and studied for power systems. The system model involves linear time-varying load dynamics and nonlinear measurements. The main contribution of this paper is to compare the performance and feasibility of this distributed algorithm with several existing distributed state estimation algorithms in the literature. Simulations are tested on the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems under various operating conditions. The results show that this distributed algorithm performs better than distributed quasi-steady state estimation algorithms which do not use the load dynamic model. The results also show that the performance of this distributed method is very close to that by the centralized state estimation method. The merits of this algorithm over the centralized method lie in its low computational complexity and low communication load. Hence, the analysis supports the efficiency and benefits of the distributed algorithm in applications to large-scale power systems.