Flame spread over the surface of thermal insulation materials in different environments

Experiments were conducted in a plateau area in Lhasa and a plain area in Hefei China to investigate the flame spread characteristics on thermal insulation materials under different environmental conditions (pressure and oxygen concentration).Molded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) samples were placed horizontally on a small-scale flame spread experimental bench.Changes in the average length of the pool fire,flame spread speed,average flame height,and length of preheating zone were used to determine the effect of the plateau and plain environments on flame spread characteristics.These parameters were all larger in Hefei than in Lhasa,which indicates the fire hazard in Hefei will be higher than that in Lhasa if insulation materials of the same size are used.     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

Superfluid density of two-dimensional weakly interacting boson system at zero temperature

We compute the superfluid density of a two-dimensional boson system with weak two-body repulsive interactions at zero temperature using one-loop perturbation theory in the weak coupling region. The boson fields are taken to be in continuum form in real space, and the interactions are approximated by a δ function of the distance between the bosons. We find that the one-loop fluctuations slightly decrease the superfluid density of a classical level. The superfluid density is approximated by the condensate density multiplied by the mass of the boson particle.     

Upwind finite volume element methods for one-dimensional semiconductor device

A fully discrete implicit Euler upwind finite volume element method is derived and studied for one-dimensional semiconductor device. Upwind scheme is introduced to deal with the convection-dominated diffusion equations in the semiconductor model. With different time steps for the electrostatic potential and the other unknown quantities, the computational procedure of the method is obtained. The local mass conservation laws are preserved under the framework of the upwind finite volume element schemes. A first-order accuracy in the L ²-norm is proved. Numerical experiments are given to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method.     

Sufficient Reason and Reason Enough

I offer an analysis of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and its relevancy for the scientific endeavour. I submit that the world is not, and cannot be, rational—only some brained beings are. The Principle of Sufficient Reason is not a necessary truth nor a physical law. It is just a guiding metanomological hypothesis justified a posteriori by its success in helping us to unveil the mechanisms that operate in Nature.     

Semi-global stabilization via homogeneous output feedback for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems

The semi-global stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with state time-delay is addressed in this paper. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method and homogeneous domination approach, a homogeneous observer and an output feedback controller with a scaling gain are designed. Then the scaling gain is adjusted such that the closed-loop system is semi-global asymptotically stable. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results in this paper.     

IEEE 802.11e EDCA中虚拟碰撞问题的一种解决策略

IEEE 802.11e标准中的EDCA机制引入了虚拟碰撞的概念,从而带来了基站内相同优先级业务相对优先权不同的问题。为解决这一问题,现提出一种新的N-EDCA(NEW-EDCA)调节机制,该机制将发生过与未发生过虚拟碰撞的队列一视同仁,从而避免了优先级倒置和不公平的问题。该机制中保持了虚拟碰撞队列的原竞争参数,仿真结果验证了N-EDCA机制的有效性。     

Attentional negativity bias moderated by positive mood arousal

Automatically allocation of more attention to negative stimuli is called emotional negativity bias. An event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment investigated whether or not this bias was altered by positive mood arousal. The results suggested that the attention bias towards negative stimuli was attenuated when positive information was accessible.     

强迫层流环境下多晶粒生长的相场法模拟

将模拟流场所用的Lattice Boltzmann方法(简称LBM)和模拟枝晶生长的相场模型进行耦合,模拟Al-Cu合金等温凝固过程中多晶粒在纯扩散和存在对流情况下枝晶的生长状况.模拟结果显示:在枝晶的生长初期,无论是纯扩散还是存在对流,各晶粒间间距较大,无相互影响,独立生长;纯扩散条件下枝晶呈现明显的对称性,强迫层流作用下,由于对流的存在,上游侧枝晶比下游侧枝晶发达;随着枝晶慢慢长大,各晶粒相互影响,产生竞争生长,导致枝晶生长产生不对称性;流速的大小会影响枝晶的生长形貌,流速越大,枝晶生长越快,非对称性越严重,下游越易产生涡流.     

微波辅助聚酯PET醇解反应研究

研究了废旧聚酯PET以微波辐射为能量源在1,4-丁二醇、丙三醇、乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇等几种多元醇中的醇解反应.研究结果表明除1,2-丙二醇,PET在其他三种多元醇中均能得到很好的醇解转化率.根据对醇解产物和醇解过程的分析,给出了可能的醇解机理.