Conflict Pattern Analysis: Preparing the Ground for Participation in Policy Implementation

The participation of non-state actors in implementation processes is often understood as a means to increase compliance efficiency. But the implementation of spatial policies frequently focuses on pre-established goals, processes and instruments and thus renders difficult open discourse and shared decision-making. This paper introduces conflict pattern analysis (CPA) as a tool that supports the analysis of the actual actor constellation in order to define efficient approaches that avoid common problems of participatory processes. CPA is a semi-formalised method that helps to identify key-actors, their relations and interaction amongst each other as well as their core beliefs, interests and resources. It aggregates this information to interaction patterns that can be compared, classified and linked to different participatory methods on a theoretically informed basis. Particularly on the local and regional level, this could be the first step for successful (participatory) implementation strategies.     

ROLE OF α-PSEUDO-UNIVEX FUNCTIONS IN VECTOR VARIATIONAL-LIKE INEQUALITY PROBLEMS

In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized convex function, namely, a-pseudounivex function, by combining the concepts of pseudo-univex and α-invex functions. Further, we establish some relationships between vector variational-like inequality problems and vector optimization problems under the assumptions of α-pseudo-univex functions. Results obtained in this paper present a refinement and improvement of previously known results.     

试论井冈山精神的形成与发展

井冈山精神作为一个完整的形态，其形成并非是一蹴而就的，而是有一个孕育发展再到成熟的历史进程。在井冈山精神孕育形成的过程中，中国共产党人在大革命时期的斗争实践中所形成的安源精神、黄埔精神、铁军精神、八一精神起到了重要的奠基作用。     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

反式-9,10-二氢-9,10-二苄基-9,10-菲二醇的合成与表征

以菲醌为原料合成了标题化合物,通过IR和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征.氢谱分析表明,亚甲基二氢核构成了AB二级谱自旋体系,这主要是由于孤立亚甲基的2个氢是化学不等价造成的.通过Chem3D程序模拟得到了标题化合物的能量最优化立体结构.     

On the Foundations of Constructive Mathematics – Especially in Relation to the Theory of Continuous Functions

We discuss the foundations of constructive mathematics, including recursive mathematics and intuitionism, in relation to classical mathematics. There are connections with the foundations of physics, due to the way in which the different branches of mathematics reflect reality. Many different axioms and their interrelationship are discussed. We show that there is a fundamental problem in BISH (Bishop’s school of constructive mathematics) with regard to its current definition of ‘continuous function’. This problem is closely related to the definition in BISH of ‘locally compact’. Possible approaches to this problem are discussed. Topology seems to be a key to understanding many issues. We offer several new simplifying axioms, which can form bridges between the various branches of constructive mathematics and classical mathematics (‘reuniting the antipodes’). We give a simplification of basic intuitionistic theory, especially with regard to so-called ‘bar induction’. We then plead for a limited number of axiomatic systems, which differentiate between the various branches of mathematics. Finally, in the appendix we offer BISH an elegant topological definition of ‘locally compact’, which unlike the current definition is equivalent to the usual classical and/or intuitionistic definition in classical and intuitionistic mathematics, respectively.     

硬盘的几种常见故障及解决方法

阐述了硬盘的几种常见故障和解决方法，包括简单的数据恢复方法。     

水泥混凝土桥面铺装层间黏结性能研究

研究了水泥混凝土桥面铺装层间黏结性能随温度的变化规律,同时探究了黏结层的温度性能以及直剪与斜剪剪切强度之间的关系. 对比分析了4种涂膜黏结层（SBS改性沥青、WTR改性沥青、WTR/APAO改性沥青、AMP-100二阶反应型黏结涂料）和3种改性沥青碎石黏结层（SBS改性沥青碎石、WTR改性沥青碎石、WTR/APAO改性沥青碎石）的拉拔及剪切强度差异. 采用回归分析法获得层间强度随温度的变化规律;计算不同温度下层间强度与常温（20 ℃）下层间强度的比值,用于黏结层剪切强度和拉拔强度的温度敏感性对比分析;分析不同温度下斜剪强度与直剪强度的比值关系. 结果表明：层间拉拔强度、层间剪切强度与温度均满足单指数函数关系,拟合优度R2达0.970以上. WTR/APAO改性沥青黏结层及WTR/APAO改性沥青碎石黏结层力学性能优良,在不同温度下的拉拔和剪切强度值均高于同类型黏结层. AMP-100黏结层拉拔和剪切强度对温度的敏感性最低. 建立了20~45 ℃的层间强度比值表,用于层间强度预估. 斜剪强度显著高于直剪强度,同时斜剪强度对温度的敏感性低于直剪强度,当温度处于20~45 ℃时,斜剪强度与直剪强度比值范围为1.165~2.990.     

A novel mechanism for jumping in the indian ant<Emphasis Type="Italic">Harpegnathos saltator</Emphasis> (Jerdon) (Formicidae,Ponerinae)

The Indian antHarpegnathos saltator may be unique among insects in using its jumping capacity not only as an escape mechanism but also as a normal means of locomotion, and for catching its prey in flight. High-speed cinematography used to analyse the various phases of the jump suggests thatHarpegnathos employs a novel jumping mechanism to mediate these behaviours: namely the synchronous activation of its middle and hindlegs. Electrophysiological recordings from muscles or nerves in pairs of middle and hindlegs show remarkably synchronous activity during fictive jumping, supporting the synchronous activation hypothesis.Harpegnathos is not the only ant to jump, and a cladistic analysis suggests that jumping behaviour evolved independently three times during ant evolutionary history.     

氮化烧成后硅在刚玉氮化硅材料中的赋存形态

研究了不同温度氮化烧成后,硅在刚玉氮化硅材料中的赋存形态.结果表明:1300℃氮化后,硅的外层包裹着絮状的O'-Sialon;1400℃时,硅颗粒破裂且内部有氮化硅生成;1 500℃时,已没有残留硅保留下来,硅氮化生成了O'-Sialon和氮化硅;1 600℃时,硅氮化完全,其中的杂质相CaO,Fe2O3等富集在一起.