配置500 MPa箍筋混凝土梁在间接荷载作用下受剪性能的研究

对3根配置500 MPa箍筋的混凝土梁进行间接加载试验,分析了高强箍筋混凝土梁的受力性能、斜裂缝开展情况以及破坏形态.结合ABAQUS有限元软件研究了剪跨比和配箍率对试验梁抗剪承载力的影响.研究表明：《混凝土结构设计规范》能很好地预测配置500 MPa箍筋混凝土梁在直接加载作用下的抗剪承载力;间接加载梁与直接加载梁相比,抗剪承载力有一定程度的降低,降低因素主要为剪跨比和配箍率;规范中附加横向配筋的构造要求可以有效补偿间接加载作用下高强箍筋梁抗剪承载力的降低.     

Crystal-KMC: Parallel Software for Lattice Dynamics Monte Carlo Simulation of Metal Materials

Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC) is a widely used method for studying the evolution of materials at the microcosmic level. At present, while there are many simulation software programs based on this algorithm, most focus on the verification of a certain phenomenon and have no analog-scale requirement, so many are serial in nature. The dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented using a parallel framework called SPPARKS, but it does not support the Embedded Atom Method(EAM) potential, which is commonly used in the dynamic simulation of metal materials. Metal material — the preferred material for most containers and components — plays an important role in many fields, including construction engineering and transportation. In this paper, we propose and describe the development of a parallel software program called Crystal-KMC, which is specifically used to simulate the lattice dynamics of metallic materials. This software uses MPI to achieve a parallel multiprocessing mode, which avoid the limitations of serial software in the analog scale. Finally, we describe the use of the parallel-KMC simulation software Crystal-KMC in simulating the diffusion of vacancies in iron, and analyze the experimental results. In addition, we tested the performance of Crystal-KMC in "meta-Era" supercomputing clusters, and the results show the Crystal-KMC parallel software to have good parallel speedup and scalability.     

空气污染对儿童大脑发育的影响

目的综述空气污染对儿童身体健康的影响,特别是对于儿童大脑发育的影响,为控制污染和保护儿童健康成长提供参考依据。方法利用文献法对国内外40余篇关于空气污染对儿童大脑发育影响的参考文献进行概述。结果 (1)生活在世界各地大中城市的一些儿童群体样本出现的一定程度神经、行为和认知变化与空气污染暴露有关;(2)怀孕动物产前暴露于单一或复合标准污染物,其子代会产生神经递质永久性变化,同时改变大脑发育;(3)天然屏障(如血脑屏障、鼻腔、肠和肺上皮屏障)的健康发展对儿童健康发育结果至关重要:(4)空气污染会导致大脑中广泛性神经炎症,进而造成大脑各个部位神经组织的损伤和弥漫性损失,最终影响认知功能的发展。(5)接触空气污染物可能会对脊髓的髓鞘和中枢神经系统中神经元的功能产生有害影响,也会使促炎症介质中神经炎症与细胞损失明显增加。结论面对严重的空气污染,对青少年健康特别是对儿童大脑发育的影响日益受到人们的关注。未来研究不仅需要严格控制污染物排放标准,保护人类生存环境;而且需要采用多种技术,进行跨学科协作研究,以实现对暴露于空气污染物环境条件下的儿童进行有效保护,同时也需要制定有效策略,从健康教育和流行病学角度进行深入研究,监测空气污染物对儿童健康的影响,确保儿童健康成长。     

基于文献计量分析的中国土壤重金属健康风险评价研究

目的综述2008-2017年10年间我国土壤重金属健康风险评价的研究动态,以期为政府相关部门对环保政策制定及相关科研人员的研究提供借鉴。方法以中国学术期刊网为数据来源,参考207篇关于中国土壤重金属健康风险评价研究的文献,以描述性数理统计法对资源来源、产出趋势、下载量与被引频次、基金项目等指标分析;依据普莱斯定律、布拉德福定律分别对主要研究机构与核心作者分布、学科和期刊种类分布等指标分析。结果 2008-2017年10年间,我国有关土壤重金属污染健康风险评价研究成果呈波动上升趋势,研究成果是以期刊论文的形式展现,载文量最高期刊是《环境化学》,核心作者发文量为2篇及以上;基金论文占总发文量的97.58%。结论随着我国学者对土壤重金属污染健康风险评价研究的逐年推进,研究者在研究手段、研究方法及研究视角等方面开始有所创新突破,研究主要集中在工程科技Ⅰ辑领域,还未形成核心的作者群。     

基于电化学机理模型的锂离子电池参数辨识及SOC估计

采用Fisher信息矩阵进行参数可辨识性分析,解决了参数的辨识问题,进而提出了基于简化电化学机理模型SP2D(simple pseudo-two-dimensional)的SOC(电池电量)在线估计方法。实验表明,该SOC估计方法较基于等效电路模型(一阶RC模型)的SOC估计方法,可将SOC估计的平均误差减小近30%,而在电池放电中后期更可减小达60%,有效解决了在电池全工作范围内的SOC高精度估计问题。     

3D建模与快速成型技术在个体化膝关节假体术中的应用

目的探讨3D建模与快速成型技术在个体化膝关节肿瘤假体手术治疗中的新方法,评价3D建模与快速成型技术的应用价值.方法选取3例膝关节骨肿瘤患者,术前均对膝关节周围病损区行CT扫描,获得原始数据后,导入Mimics19.0软件,在软件中模拟手术规划,并且设计与切除后剩余的骨组织相契合的钛合金"植物.随访期间应用国际骨与软组织肿瘤保肢(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)功能评分系统对患者的术后功能情况进行评价.结果 3例患者均获随访,随访时间5~26个月,平均16个月.末次随访MSTS得分为18~29分,平均24.3分,其中优2例,良1例,优良率达100%.结论通过3D建模与快速成型技术在膝关节肿瘤手术中的应用,可精确指导截骨界限,设计个体化膝关节假体,韧带附丽点接近生理结构,为膝关节骨肿瘤治疗提供新方法.     

植物乳杆菌发酵苦荞芽苗茶饮料加工工艺研究

萌发后的苦荞芽苗富含黄酮等有益成分,采用植物乳杆菌对苦荞芽苗和苦荞茶汁进行发酵,通过单因素实验和响应面法确定优化的发酵工艺条件和配方,并对产品的总黄酮含量、透光率和pH值进行测定。实验结果显示,较优的苦荞芽苗与苦荞茶汁比例为1∶6,较优的上清液稀释比例为1∶10,产品的总黄酮含量可达(0.193±0.006)mg/mL。优化的发酵工艺条件为:菌剂添加量0.6%,发酵时间24h,果葡糖浆添加量6%,该条件下感官评分的平均值达91.50±0.29,较适的pH值为3.87±0.05。优化的稳定剂配方为:黄原胶添加量0.06%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)添加量0.08%,海藻酸钠添加量0.05%,该条件下感官评分的平均值达93.60±0.32,透光率为91.37%±0.45%。发酵后的苦荞芽苗茶饮料富含黄酮和益生菌等有益成分,口感醇正、澄清透明、风味独特。     

Fabrication of homogeneously dispersed graphene/Al composites by solution mixing and powder metallurgy

Graphene-reinforced aluminum (Al) matrix composites were successfully prepared via solution mixing and powder metallurgy in this study. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied using microhardness and tensile tests. Compared to the pure Al alloy, the graphene/Al composites showed increased strength and hardness. A tensile strength of 255 MPa was achieved for the graphene/Al composite with only 0.3wt% graphene, which has a 25% increase over the tensile strength of the pure Al matrix. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphologies, chemical compositions, and microstructures of the graphene and the graphene/Al composites. On the basis of fractographic evidence, a relevant fracture mechanism is proposed.     

La掺杂对SrTiO_3纳米颗粒光催化性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法,向SrTiO_3中掺杂不同含量La制备光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis等手段对其结构和形貌进行表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为模拟污染物,研究掺杂不同含量La所制催化剂对RhB的光催化降解能力的影响,从而评价所制催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,随着掺La含量的增加,所制催化剂的晶体结构从SrTiO_3的立方晶系逐步向La_2Ti_2O_3的单斜晶系转变;La掺杂使得所制催化剂的禁带宽度减小、对紫外光的吸收阈值增大,使其光催化性能得到显著提升;掺La含量越高,所制催化剂的光催化性能越好。     

Complementation in the composition of steel slag and red mud for preparation of novel ceramics

A method for preparing novel ceramics was developed in this study. Different ratios red muds were added to steel slags to optimize the preparation of novel ceramics by a traditional ceramic preparation process. The sintering mechanism, microstructure, and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and combined experiments of linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results confirmed that red mud can reduce the volumetric instabilities through the complementarity of red mud and ferroalloy slag. The crystal phases in the ceramics are all pyroxene group minerals, including diopside ferrian, augite, and diopside. The flexural strength of the ceramic that contains 40wt% red mud and was prepared at the optimal sintering temperature (1140℃) is greater than 93 MPa; its corresponding water absorption is less than 0.05%.