黑龙江省科技人员队伍状况调查分析

文章介绍了黑龙江省近年来科技人员队伍总体状况、存在的问题及原因 ,提出了应在转变观念和政策落实上下功夫的建议。     

A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s(-1)

Searches for extrasolar planets using the periodic Doppler shift of stellar spectral lines have recently achieved a precision of 60 cm s(-1) (ref. 1), which is sufficient to find a 5-Earth-mass planet in a Mercury-like orbit around a Sun-like star. To find a 1-Earth-mass planet in an Earth-like orbit, a precision of approximately 5 cm s(-1) is necessary. The combination of a laser frequency comb with a Fabry-Pérot filtering cavity has been suggested as a promising approach to achieve such Doppler shift resolution via improved spectrograph wavelength calibration, with recent encouraging results. Here we report the fabrication of such a filtered laser comb with up to 40-GHz (approximately 1-A) line spacing, generated from a 1-GHz repetition-rate source, without compromising long-term stability, reproducibility or spectral resolution. This wide-line-spacing comb, or 'astro-comb', is well matched to the resolving power of high-resolution astrophysical spectrographs. The astro-comb should allow a precision as high as 1 cm s(-1) in astronomical radial velocity measurements.     

鄱阳湖三角帆蚌和褶纹冠蚌资源最大持续产量及其开发利用的研究

应用“剩余产量模式”研究了鄱阳湖三角帆蚌和褶纹冠蚌资源,采用PC-1500型微机计算,结果表明,其最大持续产量(MSY)为6516t,比历史上最高产的1980年还高出17.7%,增产潜力大,其相应努力量为2000艘标准渔船.本文还报道了鄱阳湖46种蚌的名录,并简述了其开发利用的初步意见.     

数学素质教育应坚持能力为中心

从数学素质教育的现实需要出发，多方面论述了坚持能力为中心的必要性与可行性．     

黄河决徙与黄河冲积扇发育关系初探

在论证黄河冲积扇仍处于建造时期当中,得出决徙是建扇过程发生的自然现象.下游河道历史上两期安流跟两期暖湿气侯背景的出现不无联系.治河方向应以滞缓建扇过程和保护河口海岸为原则,这样才符合自然规律.     

Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular bases,clinical perspectives,and new treatment approaches

Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with limited treatment options in both locally advanced and metastatic setting, resulting in poor prognosis. Based on genomic characterization, stomach tumour has recently been described as a heterogeneous disease composed by different subtypes, each of them with peculiar molecular aspects and specific clinical behaviour. With an incidence of 22% among all western gastric tumour cases, stomach cancer with microsatellite instability was identified as one of these subgroups. Retrospective studies and limited prospective trials reported differences between gastric cancers with microsatellite stability and those with instability, mainly concerning clinical and pathological features, but also in regard to immunological microenvironment, correlation with prognostic value, and responses to treatment. In particular, gastric cancer with microsatellite instability constitutes a small but relevant subgroup associated with older age, female sex, distal stomach location, and lower number of lymph-node metastases. Emerging data attribute to microsatellite instability status a favourable prognostic meaning, whereas the poor outcomes reported after perioperative chemotherapy administration suggest a detrimental role of cytotoxic drugs in this gastric cancer subgroup. The strong immunogenicity and the widespread expression of immune-checkpoint ligands make microsatellite instability subtype more vulnerable to immunotherapeutic approach, e.g., with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Since gastric cancer with microsatellite instability shows specific features and clinical behaviour not overlapping with microsatellite stable disease, microsatellite instability test might be suitable for inclusion in a diagnostic setting for all tumour stages to guarantee the most targeted and effective treatment to every patient.     

Ru2 and Ru encode mouse orthologs of the genes mutated in human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome types 5 and 6

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease involving abnormalities of melanosomes, platelet dense granules and lysosomes. Here we have used positional candidate and transgenic rescue approaches to identify the genes mutated in ruby-eye 2 and ruby-eye mice (ru2 and ru, respectively), two 'mimic' mouse models of HPS. We also show that these genes are orthologs of the genes mutated in individuals with HPS types 5 and 6, respectively, and that their protein products directly interact. Both genes are previously unknown and are found only in higher eukaryotes, and together represent a new class of genes that have evolved in higher organisms to govern the synthesis of highly specialized lysosome-related organelles.     

Influence of urbanization on the surface water quality in Guangzhou,China

The urbanization process is a trend occurring inevitably in the historical development. This paper reviews the progress of the urbanization in Guangzhou and focuses on the change of water quality in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River. 8 kinds of main pollutant parameters were collected from 9 important sections in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River from 1986 to 2000 and the water quality change was analyzed per time and space. The study concludes that the surface water quality of Guangzhou reflects ...     

贫困山区教育工作存在的问题及对策

文章在分析贫困山区教育工作存在问题的基础上，提出了相应对策建议。     

交际法在英语语法教学中的应用

How to teach English grammar effectively is an important subject of the comprehensive course for English majors. The Communicative approach must be applied to the English grammar teaching. This paper illustrates the features of communicative grammar teaching and necessity of applying communicative approach to English Grammar Teaching and how to apply communicative approach to English Grammar Teaching. In classroom teaching, a variety of communicative situations should be created without dull teaching; a colorful of classroom activities should be designed; real situation communicative practices should be intensified to make English grammar teaching active and efficient.