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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
考虑了金融调节和同类型的工农业,贸易企业的信贷操作函数之间的相互作用,利用分歧理论dx’2/dt=fi(xk,c),提供了有判据的简单数学模型,可进行财政分析,保持模型与实际金融状况的一致性,所提供的方法不仅可以描述统计数据并且可以通过调节程序计划地区企业的投资。 相似文献
82.
Vladimir G. Red'ko 《Foundations of Science》2000,5(3):323-338
The main problem discussed in this paper is: “Why and how did animal cognition abilities arise?” It is argued that investigations of the evolution of animal cognition abilities are very important from an epistemological point of view. A new direction for interdisciplinary researches – the creation and development of the theory of human logic origin – is proposed. The approaches to the origination of such a theory (mathematical models of ``intelligent invention'' of biological evolution, the cybernetic schemes of evolutionary progress and purposeful adaptive behavior) as well as potential interdisciplinary links of the theory are described and analyzed. 相似文献
83.
Tiziana Bascelli Piotr Błaszczyk Alexandre Borovik Vladimir Kanovei Karin U. Katz Mikhail G. Katz Semen S. Kutateladze Thomas McGaffey David M. Schaps David Sherry 《Foundations of Science》2018,23(2):267-296
Cauchy's sum theorem is a prototype of what is today a basic result on the convergence of a series of functions in undergraduate analysis. We seek to interpret Cauchy’s proof, and discuss the related epistemological questions involved in comparing distinct interpretive paradigms. Cauchy’s proof is often interpreted in the modern framework of a Weierstrassian paradigm. We analyze Cauchy’s proof closely and show that it finds closer proxies in a different modern framework. 相似文献
84.
STAR Consortium Saar K Beck A Bihoreau MT Birney E Brocklebank D Chen Y Cuppen E Demonchy S Dopazo J Flicek P Foglio M Fujiyama A Gut IG Gauguier D Guigo R Guryev V Heinig M Hummel O Jahn N Klages S Kren V Kube M Kuhl H Kuramoto T Kuroki Y Lechner D Lee YA Lopez-Bigas N Lathrop GM Mashimo T Medina I Mott R Patone G Perrier-Cornet JA Platzer M Pravenec M Reinhardt R Sakaki Y Schilhabel M Schulz H Serikawa T Shikhagaie M Tatsumoto S Taudien S Toyoda A Voigt B Zelenika D Zimdahl H Hubner N 《Nature genetics》2008,40(5):560-566
The laboratory rat is one of the most extensively studied model organisms. Inbred laboratory rat strains originated from limited Rattus norvegicus founder populations, and the inherited genetic variation provides an excellent resource for the correlation of genotype to phenotype. Here, we report a survey of genetic variation based on almost 3 million newly identified SNPs. We obtained accurate and complete genotypes for a subset of 20,238 SNPs across 167 distinct inbred rat strains, two rat recombinant inbred panels and an F2 intercross. Using 81% of these SNPs, we constructed high-density genetic maps, creating a large dataset of fully characterized SNPs for disease gene mapping. Our data characterize the population structure and illustrate the degree of linkage disequilibrium. We provide a detailed SNP map and demonstrate its utility for mapping of quantitative trait loci. This community resource is openly available and augments the genetic tools for this workhorse of physiological studies. 相似文献
85.
The worldwide leaf economics spectrum 总被引:48,自引:0,他引:48
Wright IJ Reich PB Westoby M Ackerly DD Baruch Z Bongers F Cavender-Bares J Chapin T Cornelissen JH Diemer M Flexas J Garnier E Groom PK Gulias J Hikosaka K Lamont BB Lee T Lee W Lusk C Midgley JJ Navas ML Niinemets U Oleksyn J Osada N Poorter H Poot P Prior L Pyankov VI Roumet C Thomas SC Tjoelker MG Veneklaas EJ Villar R 《Nature》2004,428(6985):821-827
Bringing together leaf trait data spanning 2,548 species and 175 sites we describe, for the first time at global scale, a universal spectrum of leaf economics consisting of key chemical, structural and physiological properties. The spectrum runs from quick to slow return on investments of nutrients and dry mass in leaves, and operates largely independently of growth form, plant functional type or biome. Categories along the spectrum would, in general, describe leaf economic variation at the global scale better than plant functional types, because functional types overlap substantially in their leaf traits. Overall, modulation of leaf traits and trait relationships by climate is surprisingly modest, although some striking and significant patterns can be seen. Reliable quantification of the leaf economics spectrum and its interaction with climate will prove valuable for modelling nutrient fluxes and vegetation boundaries under changing land-use and climate. 相似文献
86.
Vladimir Korzh 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(3):375-383
The brain ventricular system (BVS) consists of brain ventricles and channels connecting ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The disturbance of CSF flow has been linked to neurodegenerative disease including hydrocephalus, which manifests itself as an abnormal expansion of BVS. This relatively common developmental disorder has been observed in human and domesticated animals and linked to functional deficiency of various cells lineages facing BVS, including the choroid plexus or ependymal cells that generate CSF or the ciliated cells that cilia beating generates CSF flow. To understand the underlying causes of hydrocephalus, several animal models were developed, including rodents (mice, rat, and hamster) and zebrafish. At another side of a spectrum of BVS anomalies there is the “slit-ventricle” syndrome, which develops due to insufficient inflation of BVS. Recent advances in functional genetics of zebrafish brought to light novel genetic elements involved in development of BVS and circulation of CSF. This review aims to reveal common elements of morphologically different BVS of zebrafish as a typical representative of teleosts and other vertebrates and illustrate useful features of the zebrafish model for studies of BVS. Along this line, recent analyses of the two novel zebrafish mutants affecting different subunits of the potassium voltage-gated channels allowed to emphasize an important functional convergence of the evolutionarily conserved elements of protein transport essential for BVS development, which were revealed by the zebrafish and mouse studies. 相似文献
87.
McKay JD Hung RJ Gaborieau V Boffetta P Chabrier A Byrnes G Zaridze D Mukeria A Szeszenia-Dabrowska N Lissowska J Rudnai P Fabianova E Mates D Bencko V Foretova L Janout V McLaughlin J Shepherd F Montpetit A Narod S Krokan HE Skorpen F Elvestad MB Vatten L Njølstad I Axelsson T Chen C Goodman G Barnett M Loomis MM Lubiñski J Matyjasik J Lener M Oszutowska D Field J Liloglou T Xinarianos G Cassidy A;EPIC Study Vineis P Clavel-Chapelon F Palli D Tumino R Krogh V Panico S González CA 《Nature genetics》2008,40(12):1404-1406
We carried out a genome-wide association study of lung cancer (3,259 cases and 4,159 controls), followed by replication in 2,899 cases and 5,573 controls. Two uncorrelated disease markers at 5p15.33, rs402710 and rs2736100 were detected by the genome-wide data (P = 2 x 10(-7) and P = 4 x 10(-6)) and replicated by the independent study series (P = 7 x 10(-5) and P = 0.016). The susceptibility region contains two genes, TERT and CLPTM1L, suggesting that one or both may have a role in lung cancer etiology. 相似文献
88.
Sally A. Nicholas Vladimir V. Bubnov Inna M. Yasinska Vadim V. Sumbayev 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(1):151-158
Inflammatory reactions to ssRNA viruses are induced by the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8. TLR7/8-mediated inflammatory
reaction results in activation of the Nalp3 inflammasome via an unknown mechanism. Here we report for the first time that
TLR7/8 mediate activation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. XOD produces uric acid and reactive oxygen
species, which could activate Nalp3 and therefore induce activation of caspase 1, known to convert inactive pro-IL-1β into
active IL-1β. Specific inhibition of the XOD activity attenuates TLR7/8-mediated activation of caspase 1 and IL-1β release.
These results were obtained using human THP-1 myeloid macrophages. The findings were verified by conducting in vivo experiments
on mice. 相似文献
89.
Yoshiura K Kinoshita A Ishida T Ninokata A Ishikawa T Kaname T Bannai M Tokunaga K Sonoda S Komaki R Ihara M Saenko VA Alipov GK Sekine I Komatsu K Takahashi H Nakashima M Sosonkina N Mapendano CK Ghadami M Nomura M Liang DS Miwa N Kim DK Garidkhuu A Natsume N Ohta T Tomita H Kaneko A Kikuchi M Russomando G Hirayama K Ishibashi M Takahashi A Saitou N Murray JC Saito S Nakamura Y Niikawa N 《Nature genetics》2006,38(3):324-330
Human earwax consists of wet and dry types. Dry earwax is frequent in East Asians, whereas wet earwax is common in other populations. Here we show that a SNP, 538G --> A (rs17822931), in the ABCC11 gene is responsible for determination of earwax type. The AA genotype corresponds to dry earwax, and GA and GG to wet type. A 27-bp deletion in ABCC11 exon 29 was also found in a few individuals of Asian ancestry. A functional assay demonstrated that cells with allele A show a lower excretory activity for cGMP than those with allele G. The allele A frequency shows a north-south and east-west downward geographical gradient; worldwide, it is highest in Chinese and Koreans, and a common dry-type haplotype is retained among various ethnic populations. These suggest that the allele A arose in northeast Asia and thereafter spread through the world. The 538G --> A SNP is the first example of DNA polymorphism determining a visible genetic trait. 相似文献
90.
Vladimir N. Uversky 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(17):3065-3067
The concept of protein intrinsic disorder persistently penetrates into all areas of modern protein science. It cannot be ignored anymore, and cannot be shrugged off, as it represents a vital feature (or, more correctly, a broad spectrum of important features), which, when added to and mixed with features arising from the well established protein structure-function paradigm, complete the picture of a functioning protein. The field of protein intrinsic disorder is very dynamic and fast developing. This Multi-Author Review represents a snapshot of this field by introducing some recent advances. Articles assembled in this Multi-Author Review introduce some of the new aspects of intrinsic disorder, outline some fascinating ideas related to the intrinsically disordered proteins, their structure, and functionality, and show challenges related to the analysis of proteins carrying intrinsic disorder. 相似文献