The Entropy of System Decreases with the Deflection from the Equiprobability Distribution

1　IntroductionEntropy,asameasurementthatdescribestheuncertaintyofsubsystemsdistributioninasystem,hasdevelopedunceasingly.First,R.J.E.Clausiusintroduceditintothermodynamics,asastatefunction,todescribetheauto-evolutionabilityofthestate.Thedifferenceofentropybetweenthetwostatesequalstothequantityofheatabsorbedbythesysteminanisothermalprocess,thatisS2-S1=∫21dQT(1)　　L.E.Boltzmannconnecteditwiththeuncertaintyofsubsystemsdistributioninathermodynamicalsystem.Theentropyofathermodynamicalsystem…     

A kind of Generalized Learning Model

1　IntroductionSymboliclearning,connectivelearning,fuzzylearningandevolutionarylearningarethepresentfundamentalmethodsformachinelearning[1～3].Eachofthemhascharacteristicsandadvantages,andcancarryoutmachinelearningtasksincertainregioneffectively.Howe...     

世界优秀男子110 m栏运动员成绩变化分析

采用文献资料调查、数理统计等科研方法, 对1997年世界田径锦标赛男子110 m栏前 7 名运动员的成绩进行相关分析, 揭示当今男子110 m栏全程速度变化的规律和特点, 并对近 4 年来世界优秀男子 110 m栏运动员与我国男子110 m栏运动员的成绩进行对比分析, 希望能对我国男子110 m栏的训练提供一些新的参考和启示.     

一种新的图象分割方法

大多数图象处理系统都需将目标从背景中分离出来。本文介绍一种新的自适应门限图象分割方法。门限曲面通过梯度值较大的象素点即可能的边缘点灰度值内插得到。     

The determination of atmospheric phosphine in Ny-lesund

Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment.The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-lesund is reported in this paper.Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3-600.2 ng/m3, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean.The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79-1259 ng/m3 in colliery at...     

Structure Characterization of Silk Fibroin Crystalline Domain Polypeptides Expressed in Escherichia coli

The molecular conformations of four silk fibroin crystalline analogues [GAGAG-X] 16(G,Gly;A,Ala;X=Ala,Ser,Tyr or Val,designated eGA,eGS,eGY or eGV),carried out using molecular design and expressed by Escherichia coil(E.coli),were evaluated by Raman spectra analysis.The abilities of forming β-sheet structure were determined by thioflavin T(ThT) fluorescence spectra analysis.In terms of molecular conformation,except eGY that could not form significant typical molecular conformation,eGS and eGV were mainly com...     

OH自由基与CS2反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3方法，对OH自由基与CS2的反应进行了研究,在B3LYP／6-31G*,B3LYP／6-311 G(3df，3pd)G3计算水平上,优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型，并对它们进行了内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性，研究结果表明：OH自由基与CS2反应的产物为COS和SH，计算结果与实验结果一致。     

茅台酒用有机高粱产量和品质与原料基地气象条件的关系

应用2008年分布在茅台酒原料基地,海拔370～1 301m地段209个农户栽培的有机高粱产量和品质资料,采用气候曲面技术(ANUSPLI)方法得到各地段的温度、降水量和日照数据,并对各地段有机高粱产量和品质及原产地气象条件进行了相关分析.结果表明:气温日较差对高粱产量、单宁质量分数有显著影响;降水量对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著性影响;日照时数对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著影响;其中气温、降水量和日照对高粱单宁质量分数的影响都为显著负相关.气象条件对高粱蛋白质质量分数无明显影响.该文依据相关分析结果建立了气候区划指标,并做出了优质酒用有机高粱栽培基地的气候区划,其优质有机高粱栽培基地最适宜区在赤水河流域中段的贵州省仁怀市北部、西部和西南部地区,适宜区在仁怀市东部和南部地区.     

生活污水中四环素类抗生素抗性基因污染的初步研究

抗生素抗性基因作为一种新型环境污染物已成为环境领域的研究热点之一.以生活污水处理系统进水、出水、曝气池、污泥4种代表性样品进行四环素类抗性细菌筛选,并用PCR对抗性基因进行初步鉴定.在对污水处理系统中4类样品进行细菌培养后,筛选出抗性细菌9种(1S,1L,2R,2S,3Y,3L,4L,4T,4T1).进水、污泥、曝气池中抗性细菌相对数量较多,出水中较少.结果表明生活污水中存在四环素类抗性基因污染.     

Progress in the research of GSH in cells

Glutathione (GSH), γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, is one of the most abundant small non-protein thiol molecules in mammalian tissues, particu- larly in the liver. Although glutathione is present in thiol-reduced (GSH) and disulfide oxidized (GSSG) forms, the predominant form is GSH and its content can exceed 10 mmol/L in liver cells. As an important intracellular reductant, GSH has many biological functions in cells. Its major function is as an anti-oxidant as it can protect proteins from oxidation by reversible posttranslational modification (glutathionylation) and decrease reactive oxygen species-mediated damage. However, it does have numerous other functions, including to chelate metal irons; enhance the absorption of iron, selenium and calcium; participate in lipid and insulin metabolism; regulate cellular events such as gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, redox-dependent signal transduction pathways, cytokine production and the immune response; and control protein glutathionylation. Therefore, GSH plays important roles in cell survival and health, and an imbalance in the GSH level can lead to many diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of GSH in mammalian cells and discuss future research of GSH.