新型氯离子活化过氧单硫酸盐的非自由基系统去除水中扑热息痛的研究

提出了基于过氧单硫酸盐(PMS)的非自由基氧化法降解水中典型药物污染:利用常见的氯离子(Cl-)活化PMS降解水中典型药物扑热息痛,并同传统次氯酸钠氧化降解扑热息痛系统进行比对.对比研究了两系统中氧化剂投量、底物浓度和pH值对扑热息痛去除的影响.实验结果表明PMS/Cl-系统对扑热息痛的去除符合典型零级反应动力学模型,而NaClO系统对扑热息痛的去除符合拟一级动力学模型.当扑热息痛初始浓度为10mg/L时,0.4mM PMS和50mM Cl-在120min内对其去除率最大可达76.7%.结果表明在PMS/Cl-和NaClO系统中,提高氧化剂浓度、降低底物浓度、降低系统pH值均利于目标物的去除.PMS/Cl-和NaClO系统均以HClO为主要活性因子降解污染物,但是PMS/Cl-系统中活性因子的产生更为缓慢,今后可考虑在基于PMS的高级氧化系统中投加氯离子以实现消除残余氧化剂并保证系统的持续消毒能力.     

An M/M/1 Queueing-Inventory System with Geometric Batch Demands and Lost Sales

This paper studies an M/M/1 queueing-inventory system with batch demands. Customers arrive in the system according to a compound Poisson process, where the size of the batch demands for each arrival is a random variable that follows a geometric distribution. The inventory is replenished according to the standard (s,S) policy. The replenishment time follows an exponential distribution. Two models are considered. In the first model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer takes away all the items in the inventory, and a part of the customer’s batch demands is lost. In the second model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer leaves without taking any item from the inventory, and all of the customer’s batch demands are lost. For these two models, the authors derive the stationary conditions of the system. Then, the authors derive the stationary distributions of the product-form of the joint queue length and the on-hand inventory process. Besides this, the authors obtain some important performance measures and the average cost functions by using these stationary distributions. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

等效约束下风激励汽车前侧窗玻璃声辐射分析

为研究风激励下汽车侧窗玻璃表面湍流压力脉动激起玻璃振动而向车内辐射噪声的问题,以某试验车左前侧窗玻璃系统为研究对象,首先基于等效原理,将车窗密封条等效成系列弹簧约束,进行离散化建模,并搭建Matlab-Abaqus联合仿真优化平台,得到最佳等效弹簧刚度,建立侧窗系统约束边界等效模型.接着利用Corcos模型计算得到侧窗表面湍流压力脉动的功率谱密度,作为侧窗等效模型的激励,应用有限元方法计算车内驾驶员人耳处的声辐射.最后应用激光测振仪,获得侧窗表面振动速度分布试验数据,利用边界元方法(半仿真)计算车内声辐射.比较两种方法的计算结果,发现200Hz以上声辐射频谱特性吻合良好,证明了利用玻璃边界等效简化模型与Corcos模型作为激励源计算侧窗玻璃振动引起的声辐射有一定程度的适用性.     

电动公交车用增程器起停及切换过程优化

基于半实物仿真平台,对增程器起停及切换过程控制策略进行了优化.结果表明:倒拖转矩增大和倒拖终了转速提高后,增程器起动时间降至1.01s;暖机起动过程发动机颗粒排放数量浓度峰值达2.0×10~8个·cm~(-3);停机过程通过发电机加载转矩实现负载停机,转速波动得以明显抑制;采用快速起动和增大增程器输出电功率上升率限值后,整车动力性有所改善;切换过程发动机颗粒排放数量浓度峰值达2.5×10~8个·cm~(-3);发动机调速模式相对发电机调速模式,增程器电功率输出较平缓,但发动机更易偏离最佳油耗曲线.     

中国辩护律师追责体制的变革问题

辩护律师追责二元体制有其历史演变的渊源和职业主义理论基石,该体制改革的现实基础有辩护律师规模扩张和身份转变、辩护律师刑事责任适用频繁和行政责任与纪律责任区分不明。在辩护律师追责范式的域外比较方面,美国的法院主导模式、德国的律协主导模式和日本的律协独享模式值得借鉴,律师协会完全自治缺乏普适性,由其享有部分监管权反映了现代法治国家分权治理的基本原则。辩护律师追责二元体制的改革路径包括二元体制下的司法化改革、实现宏观监管和微观追责相对独立、纪律责任与行政责任的有效衔接。辩护律师承担民事赔偿应纳入监管体系,实现从“二元”体制到“准三元”体制的转变,促进辩护律师追责体制的立体化。     

Leaching behavior of V,Pb, Cd,Cr, and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals (V, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments. The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing. The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions. The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V, Pb, and As decreased in the order fine fraction > medium fraction > coarse fraction, and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction > coarse fraction > fine fraction and coarse fraction > medium fraction > fine fraction, respectively. The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V (17104.36 μg/kg) > As (609.41 μg/kg) > Pb (469.24 μg/kg) > Cr (56.35 μg/kg) > Cd (27.52 μg/kg), and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As (2.96%) > Pb (0.93%) > V (0.35%) > Cd (0.25%) > Cr (0.01%). The specific surface area, pore size of the stone coal waste rocks, and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks. Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.     

基于主动转矩分配的电动车车道保持辅助控制方法

 针对高速工况下四轮独立驱/制动电动车的车道偏离问题,提出一种基于主动转矩分配的车道保持辅助控制方法。该方法的辅助控制系统分为3层,顶层控制器根据人-车-路信息实时进行辅助控制决策,并计算车道保持所需的横摆响应;中层控制器基于滑模控制算法,计算横摆响应跟踪所需的附加横摆力矩;底层控制器通过主动转矩分配产生附加横摆力矩,干预车辆行驶轨迹,以达到车道保持的目的。采用CarSim/Simulink联合仿真进行高速单移线实验验证,结果表明,提出的基于主动转矩分配的四轮独立驱/制动电动车车道保持辅助控制方法,具有良好的车辆动力学稳定性,在高附路面和低附路面上均能够有效地干预车辆行驶轨迹,防止车辆偏离车道。     

南方地区局部地面供暖舒适性及节能性研究

采用环境测试、主观问卷和能耗模拟相结合的方式,研究冬季局部地面供暖方式下人体舒适性以及能耗情况.在14、16、18℃背景温度下的人工环境实验室内,测试了20位受试者的热感觉、热舒适、热可接受以及相应的局部地面供暖能耗.实验结果表明:在14℃时,使用局部地面供暖后受试者的舒适性显著提高,在16、18℃时,使用局部地面供暖能满足90%以上受试者舒适性要求且所需能耗很低.模拟结果表明:相比设定温度为20℃的空调系统能耗,采用局部地面供暖对西南、华东与华中地区节能效果明显,在华南地区节能率最高.因此,局部地面供暖可以作为一种适用于南方地区的提高舒适性和节能性的采暖方法.     

石墨烯复合材料在警车防弹防护方面的研究

研究警车高性能防弹防护材料应用技术,尝试采用石墨烯改性的方式对陶瓷及铝合金的强度、韧性性能进行了改性提升,利用石墨烯改性材料制备了复合防弹板,并进行了实弹射击试验,研究了防弹警车应用可行性.试验结果表明,石墨烯改性可以有效提高陶瓷的断裂韧度,以及铝合金的强度及弹性模量.经53式7.62 mm穿甲弹三次射击,靶板无穿透,用石墨烯改性陶瓷制备的防弹装甲板,可有效降低材料密度,大幅度提高防弹性能,对车辆防弹性能及轻量化技术研究具有一定的参考价值.     

低轨道移动卫星信道中的DDPSK调制特性

针对低轨道卫星移动通信信道的大范围快速时变的多普勒频移特性,提出并分析了双差分相位调制方式（DDPSK）。结果证明,DDPSK与相关相位调制、差分相位调制相比,对于频率变化有很好的稳定性,能够克服大频偏对于移动通信的影响。并进一步给出了它在带遮蔽效应的莱斯信道的误码特性。