南宁市4种绿化树种的滞尘效益评估

【目的】研究常见道路绿化植物的滞尘能力和对粉尘污染的抗性能力,并对植物滞尘效益进行评价。【方法】选取南宁市4种常见行道绿化树种:扁桃(Mangifera persiciformis)、鱼尾葵(Caryota ochlandra),朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)、黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa),在南宁市交通繁忙区、建筑工地、工业密集区和相对清洁的对照区对树种叶片的滞尘能力进行测定,选择植物的叶绿素含量变化、净光合速率、蒸腾速率3个光合生理指标分析其抗性。【结果】鱼尾葵的滞尘能力在交通繁忙区和建筑污染区中最强,黄金榕在各污染区中受到的影响相对较小。工业污染区中黄金榕的滞尘能力最高;交通繁忙区中,鱼尾葵的净光合速率和蒸腾速率受影响较大,朱槿的叶绿素含量下降率最高;在建筑污染区和工业污染区,扁桃受到滞尘的影响较大。综合评价4种绿化树种的滞尘效益,交通繁忙区和建筑污染区最高为黄金榕,工业污染区最高为朱槿。【结论】同种植物对不同污染源的抗逆性不同,其滞尘能力也不同。通过综合评价,能较为客观地为南宁绿化树种选择和配制提供参考依据。     

非奇异快速终端滑模控制

现有的非奇异终端滑模控制方法和非奇异快速终端滑模控制方法都存在收敛速度缓慢以及“收敛停滞”等问题,针对这些问题提出了一种改进方法。在保证控制器非奇异的条件下将原滑模面中指数项设计参数由分数扩展到正实数域,既提高了收敛速度又扩大了参数选择的灵活性;引入快速终端趋近律,将原来的线性或指数渐近趋近改进为快速终端趋近,提高了系统状态的趋近速度;对“收敛停滞”问题产生的原因进行分析,提出了设计参数所应满足的条件。最后对某无人平台进行航向跟踪数值仿真,仿真结果验证了改进方法的有效性。     

DELLA基因家族在被子植物中的系统演化关系

基于被子植物各主要分支代表类群的DELLA氨基酸序列，开展它们在被子植物中演化关系的系统发育分析.DELLA基因家族在双子叶植物早期演化阶段经历了一次复制事件，形成2大分支，每支都包含相应的蔷薇类和菊类；单子叶植物没有经历早期的复制事件，所有的DELLA基因聚在一起形成单一的支系.另外，证实了在被子植物的双子叶植物中存在第3个DELLA基因支系.     

基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的背景抑制算法

红外目标的探测背景具有复杂性和非平稳性,为提高后续检测性能,常常通过抑制背景来增强目标能量。针对传统背景抑制方法检测率低、虚警率高的问题,提出一种基于改进滤波器和图像多尺度变换的复杂背景抑制算法。首先,对红外图像进行改进的滤波处理获得预处理图像。其次,通过高斯金字塔多分辨技术,平滑图像背景。然后,采用Cubic插值算法提高图像的分辨率,得到背景估计图像。最后,将预处理图像和背景估计图像差分,获得背景抑制的结果。经验证,该算法实时性相对传统方法提高了19%,对于多种复杂的背景情况具有良好的适应性。同时，算法计算复杂度较低,有利于实现实时性工程应用。     

基于改进Sobel算法的焊缝X射线图像气孔识别方法

提出一种具有自适应能力的焊缝X射线图像气孔检测方法.通过局部动态阈值分割法设计了多方向的焊缝X射线图像模板,采用Sobel算法对复杂背景下的焊缝进行边缘检测和区域标记,并在标记区域对原始图像x和y方向的灰度梯度进行分析,以增强小气孔和粘连气孔的识别能力.检测应用效果表明,所提出的方法具有良好的自适应能力且准确快速,能够有效地克服人工评片中产生的漏判与误判等缺点,并且能够存储和查询检测数据.     

由“气韵生动”谈审美活动的符号化显现

审美活动的抽象性特质集中体现在其特殊的形式化特征的显现上。而作为形式化内涵的载体，“符号”的特殊地位就愈发凸显出来。“气韵生动”，这个诞生于我国传统绘画技法当中的审美标尺，就是形式之美的高级实现表述，其可指的对象早已超出绘画的范畴。关于其自身信息传递方式及与我们主体融合对话所呈现出的审美体验的探究，具有非常重要的意义。     

基于霍尔三维模型的雾霾治理对策研究

运用霍尔三维结构的基本理论,构建雾霾治理对策的三维结构模型。从时间维、逻辑维和知识维对雾霾的治理对策进行划分,构建"三元主体"模型,探讨政府、企业和个人三大主体在雾霾治理各个阶段中的相互作用,对推动雾霾治理研究具有重要的指导作用。     

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r2 of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.