Analysis of rockfall and its impact on the cut-and-cover tunnel in dynamics

0IntroductionRockfall happens more often thanlandslide whichis big-ger in magnitude.It happens so frequently that peoplecan not avoid it and structures below are constantly undertheir threat.In1960s and1970s,rockfall causes enormousdeaths,economic losses.Therefore,as one of effective fencerules,cut-and-cover tunnel(CCT)is urgently needed.As constructions develop so fast and widely in mountainareas,disasters resulted fromrockfall become a crucial prob-lemandarouse more and more attentionineng…     

Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9

Variable regions 1 and 2 (V1/V2) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein are critical for viral evasion of antibody neutralization, and are themselves protected by extraordinary sequence diversity and N-linked glycosylation. Human antibodies such as PG9 nonetheless engage V1/V2 and neutralize 80% of HIV-1 isolates. Here we report the structure of V1/V2 in complex with PG9. V1/V2 forms a four-stranded β-sheet domain, in which sequence diversity and glycosylation are largely segregated to strand-connecting loops. PG9 recognition involves electrostatic, sequence-independent and glycan interactions: the latter account for over half the interactive surface but are of sufficiently weak affinity to avoid autoreactivity. The structures of V1/V2-directed antibodies CH04 and PGT145 indicate that they share a common mode of glycan penetration by extended anionic loops. In addition to structurally defining V1/V2, the results thus identify a paradigm of antibody recognition for highly glycosylated antigens, which-with PG9-involves a site of vulnerability comprising just two glycans and a strand.     

Gizzard shad ( Dorosoma cepedianum ) expansion and reproduction in the Upper Colorado River Basin

Gizzard shad ( Dorosoma cepedianum ) were introduced into the Colorado River Basin circa 1996 via an unintentional contaminated stocking. Gizzard shad were collected throughout much of the Upper Colorado River Basin in 2005, 2006, and 2007. These collections document a rapid range expansion of this introduced species and a threat to intact fisheries.     

Observations on the ecology and trophic status of Lake Tahoe (Nevada and California, USA) based on the algae from three independent surveys (1965-1985)

Numerous physical, chemical, and biological criteria evidently confirm that Lake Tahoe is oligotrophic. However, detailed examination of the ecology and trophic status status of algae (mostly diatoms) from Lake Tahoe taken from three independent, long-term sampling programs aided in interpretation of plankton and periphyton algal communities by spectral analysis (supported by computerized data synthesis) and "ultra-oligotraphic" lakes over the world from which future studies may reveal algal communities that may be described as more mesotrophic and/or eutrophic than oligotrophic. Lake Tahoe probably is not as oligotrophic as is generally believed, and the indicator algae in it are not as accurate as is generally believed.     

具时滞一阶非线性发展方程的解

本文给出了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间具时滞一阶非线性方程整体ｍｉｌｄ解存在的充分必要条件，其中Ａ是正半群的无穷小生成元，ｆ仅要求Ｂｏｃｈｎｅｒ可积或连续。     

Subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema: A clinical observation of 12 cases in Yushu

During the Yushu Earthquake on April 14, 2010, a high incidence of acute high altitude illness was observed in the mountain rescuers, and 0.73 % of these patients suffered from high altitude pulmonary edema, of which 12 patients developed subclinical pulmonary edema and concomitantly contracted acute mountain sickness. Symptoms and signs were atypically high heart rate with high respiratory rate, striking cyanosis, and significantly low oxygen saturation, whereas no moist rates were heard on auscultation, and Chest X-ray showed peripheral with a patchy distribution of mottled infiltrations in one or both lung fields. We believe that subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema is an earliest stage of pulmonary edema at high altitude. The possible pathogenesis and the diagnosis were discussed.     

Ascent schedules, acute altitude illness, and altitude acclimatization: Observations on the Yushu earthquake

During the Yushu earthquake on April 14, 2010, a large number of rescuers from sea level or lowlands very rapidly or rapidly ascended to the quake areas less than 24 hours. However, Yushu earthquake is the highest quake in the world at altitudes between 3 750 m to 4 878 m where is a serious hypoxic environment. A high incidence of acute altitude illness was found in the unacclimatized rescuers, the mountain rescue operation changed as “rescue the rescuers”. Lessons from the Yushu earthquake, the ascent schedules may be closely related to the occurrence of acute altitude illness. This prompted us to study the relationship between ascent rate and the incidence and severity of acute altitude illness, five different groups were compared. The first group was 42 sea-level male young soldiers very rapidly within 8 hours ascend to quake area at 4 000 m; the second group was 48 sea level male young soldiers rapidly ascend to 4 000 m less than 18 hours; the third group was 66 acclimatized medical workers who rapidly from 2 261 m ascend to 4 000 m within 12 hours; the forth group was 56 Tibetan medical workers who rapidly from 2 800 m ascend to 4 000m within 8 hours; the fifth group was 50 male sea level workers gradually ascended to 4 000 m over a period of 4 days. The results showed that the sea level rescuers very rapidly or rapidly ascend to 4 000 m had a highest incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) with a greatest AMS scores and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), the sea level workers gradually ascend to 4 000 m had a moderate incidence of AMS with a moderate AMS scores and SaO2 values, whereas the acclimatized and adapted rescuers have a lowest incidence of AMS, lowest AMS scores and a higher SaO2, especially none AMS has been occurred in Tibetan rescuers. AMS score is inversely related to the ascent rate (R=-0.24, P<0.001). Additionally,altitude acclimatization is significantly influenced by acute altitude illness. The speed of ascent rate is inversely related to the period of altitude acclimatization whereas the time of perfectly recovered from AMS is positively correlated to the time taken to acclimatize. Generally, the best means of preventing acute altitude illness is slowly and gradually ascended to high altitude, as this allows time for established altitude acclimatization and tolerated to the hypoxic environment. However, during an emergency circumstances such as mountain rescue operation the rescuers must be rapidly ascend to high elevation, an series of preventive strategies including pre-acclimatization, using some prophylactic drugs, and oxygen supplementary are sorely necessary.     

Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.     

Zur Massenkultur des insektenpathogenen PilzesBeauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

Summary After incubation for 3 days, a submerged culture containing blastospores ofBeauveria bassiana was mixed with unsterile wheat bran at the ratio of 11 (v/w). The paste was then spread to form a thin layer and stored for 2 weeks at 28 °C. This combination of culture methods resulted in a rich production of the relatively resistant conidia (4.8 × 10¹⁰/cm³ paste medium) which are very suitable in experiments for biological. control of insect pests.