现代科学思想方法研究的原则和方法

本文根据现代科学思想方法的整体结构特点和形成规律,提出了研究现代科学思想方法应遵循的一般原则,介绍了现代科学思想方法研究常用的几种方法。     

二阶非线性中立型时滞微分方程的振动性

在ｃ≠－１时，给出中立型时滞微分方程：解的振动与渐近充分条件。     

Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus is exceptional among microorganisms in being both a primary and opportunistic pathogen as well as a major allergen. Its conidia production is prolific, and so human respiratory tract exposure is almost constant. A. fumigatus is isolated from human habitats and vegetable compost heaps. In immunocompromised individuals, the incidence of invasive infection can be as high as 50% and the mortality rate is often about 50% (ref. 2). The interaction of A. fumigatus and other airborne fungi with the immune system is increasingly linked to severe asthma and sinusitis. Although the burden of invasive disease caused by A. fumigatus is substantial, the basic biology of the organism is mostly obscure. Here we show the complete 29.4-megabase genome sequence of the clinical isolate Af293, which consists of eight chromosomes containing 9,926 predicted genes. Microarray analysis revealed temperature-dependent expression of distinct sets of genes, as well as 700 A. fumigatus genes not present or significantly diverged in the closely related sexual species Neosartorya fischeri, many of which may have roles in the pathogenicity phenotype. The Af293 genome sequence provides an unparalleled resource for the future understanding of this remarkable fungus.     

SnO_2(F)、Fe_2O_3和ZnSe(Fe)薄膜厚度的测量

用RBS技术、椭偏法和微量天平称重法测量了掺氟SnO_2(FTO)透明导电膜、掺铁ZnSe磁性半导体膜和Fe_2O_3气敏元件膜的薄膜厚度.实验结果表明,RBS技术的测量数值与椭偏法以及微量天平称重法测得的结果符合得较好。     

Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS

Malignant transformation, driven by gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumour suppressor genes, results in cell deregulation that is frequently associated with enhanced cellular stress (for example, oxidative, replicative, metabolic and proteotoxic stress, and DNA damage). Adaptation to this stress phenotype is required for cancer cells to survive, and consequently cancer cells may become dependent upon non-oncogenes that do not ordinarily perform such a vital function in normal cells. Thus, targeting these non-oncogene dependencies in the context of a transformed genotype may result in a synthetic lethal interaction and the selective death of cancer cells. Here we used a cell-based small-molecule screening and quantitative proteomics approach that resulted in the unbiased identification of a small molecule that selectively kills cancer cells but not normal cells. Piperlongumine increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death in both cancer cells and normal cells engineered to have a cancer genotype, irrespective of p53 status, but it has little effect on either rapidly or slowly dividing primary normal cells. Significant antitumour effects are observed in piperlongumine-treated mouse xenograft tumour models, with no apparent toxicity in normal mice. Moreover, piperlongumine potently inhibits the growth of spontaneously formed malignant breast tumours and their associated metastases in mice. Our results demonstrate the ability of a small molecule to induce apoptosis selectively in cells that have a cancer genotype, by targeting a non-oncogene co-dependency acquired through the expression of the cancer genotype in response to transformation-induced oxidative stress.     

A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response

The type I interferon response protects cells against invading viral pathogens. The cellular factors that mediate this defence are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified since their discovery more than 25 years ago, only a few have been characterized with respect to antiviral activity. For most ISG products, little is known about their antiviral potential, their target specificity and their mechanisms of action. Using an overexpression screening approach, here we show that different viruses are targeted by unique sets of ISGs. We find that each viral species is susceptible to multiple antiviral genes, which together encompass a range of inhibitory activities. To conduct the screen, more than 380 human ISGs were tested for their ability to inhibit the replication of several important human and animal viruses, including hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Broadly acting effectors included IRF1, C6orf150 (also known as MB21D1), HPSE, RIG-I (also known as DDX58), MDA5 (also known as IFIH1) and IFITM3, whereas more targeted antiviral specificity was observed with DDX60, IFI44L, IFI6, IFITM2, MAP3K14, MOV10, NAMPT (also known as PBEF1), OASL, RTP4, TREX1 and UNC84B (also known as SUN2). Combined expression of pairs of ISGs showed additive antiviral effects similar to those of moderate type I interferon doses. Mechanistic studies uncovered a common theme of translational inhibition for numerous effectors. Several ISGs, including ADAR, FAM46C, LY6E and MCOLN2, enhanced the replication of certain viruses, highlighting another layer of complexity in the highly pleiotropic type I interferon system.     

基于半监督阶梯网络的肝脏CT 影像分割

针对医学影像数据中标记样本较少且人工标记成本高的问题, 提出一种基于半监督阶梯网络的肝脏CT(Computed Tomography)影像分割模型。首先, 利用超像素分割对数据进行预处理减少数据量, 并以像素点为中心提取子图像(patch)放入半监督模型进行训练。最后, 利用训练模型进行肝脏分割。实验结果表明, 该模型利用少量的标记图片得到了与监督学习相近的结果。     

受阻酚-亚硝酸酯对橡胶防老化性能研究

提出了复合防老剂的构成原理和对橡胶防老化性能测试数据,该防老剂由亚磷酸酯类与酚类复配而成,其性能优于现有的防老剂。     

城市建筑现状和建筑发展

针对目前我国城市建筑在体型设计、建筑质量、建筑项目的有效性方面存在的问题.在城市建筑的模拟发展、立体交叉应用与国际建筑接轨方面提出一些看法和建设。