娇导蝽属及盲异蝽属新种记述(半翅目:异蝽科)

本文记述5个发现于我国的异蝽科新种及一个新组合，分隶于桥异蝽属UrostylisWest－wood（叉娇异蝽Urostylisfurca（Lin）（新组合）；猫儿山娇异蝽UrostrylismaoershanensisRen，sp．nov．（新种）；湖北娇异蝽UrostylishubeiensisRen，sp．nov．（新种））及盲异蝽属UrolabidaWestwood（保山盲异蝽UrolabidabaoshananaRen，sp．nov．（新种）；华夏盲异蝽UrolabidasinicaRenetLiu,sp.nov.（新种）；宫本盲异蝽UrolabidamiyamotolRen，sp．nov．（新种））计6种．并提出以下的异蝽科新异名关系：Urolabidanigromarginatus(Reuter,1881）（＝UrostylisguangdongensisChen，1994，syn.nov．）;UrochelasiamensisYang1938（＝UrochelalongmenensisChen，1994,syn．nov．）     

城市建筑现状和建筑发展

针对目前我国城市建筑在体型设计、建筑质量、建筑项目的有效性方面存在的问题.在城市建筑的模拟发展、立体交叉应用与国际建筑接轨方面提出一些看法和建设。     

Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus fumigatus is exceptional among microorganisms in being both a primary and opportunistic pathogen as well as a major allergen. Its conidia production is prolific, and so human respiratory tract exposure is almost constant. A. fumigatus is isolated from human habitats and vegetable compost heaps. In immunocompromised individuals, the incidence of invasive infection can be as high as 50% and the mortality rate is often about 50% (ref. 2). The interaction of A. fumigatus and other airborne fungi with the immune system is increasingly linked to severe asthma and sinusitis. Although the burden of invasive disease caused by A. fumigatus is substantial, the basic biology of the organism is mostly obscure. Here we show the complete 29.4-megabase genome sequence of the clinical isolate Af293, which consists of eight chromosomes containing 9,926 predicted genes. Microarray analysis revealed temperature-dependent expression of distinct sets of genes, as well as 700 A. fumigatus genes not present or significantly diverged in the closely related sexual species Neosartorya fischeri, many of which may have roles in the pathogenicity phenotype. The Af293 genome sequence provides an unparalleled resource for the future understanding of this remarkable fungus.     

Occurrence Conditions and Process Analysis on Fluidization of Valley Type Landslide： Example of the Fluidization of Landslide in Qiongshan Ravine, Danba

0IntroductionFluidization of landslideindicates the action andprocess of an alivelandslide motion of conver-ting fromsliding state to fluidal disposition due tovibration and watering function occurred in processof landslide’s mediumand high velocity movement.Research onfluidization of landslide is a major sub-ject inthe field of landslide and debris flowstudies,which has a significance of deepening people’s un-derstanding of landslide disaster and rules of debrisflow occurrence.For example,S…     

A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response

The type I interferon response protects cells against invading viral pathogens. The cellular factors that mediate this defence are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified since their discovery more than 25 years ago, only a few have been characterized with respect to antiviral activity. For most ISG products, little is known about their antiviral potential, their target specificity and their mechanisms of action. Using an overexpression screening approach, here we show that different viruses are targeted by unique sets of ISGs. We find that each viral species is susceptible to multiple antiviral genes, which together encompass a range of inhibitory activities. To conduct the screen, more than 380 human ISGs were tested for their ability to inhibit the replication of several important human and animal viruses, including hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Broadly acting effectors included IRF1, C6orf150 (also known as MB21D1), HPSE, RIG-I (also known as DDX58), MDA5 (also known as IFIH1) and IFITM3, whereas more targeted antiviral specificity was observed with DDX60, IFI44L, IFI6, IFITM2, MAP3K14, MOV10, NAMPT (also known as PBEF1), OASL, RTP4, TREX1 and UNC84B (also known as SUN2). Combined expression of pairs of ISGs showed additive antiviral effects similar to those of moderate type I interferon doses. Mechanistic studies uncovered a common theme of translational inhibition for numerous effectors. Several ISGs, including ADAR, FAM46C, LY6E and MCOLN2, enhanced the replication of certain viruses, highlighting another layer of complexity in the highly pleiotropic type I interferon system.     

High altitude headache occurs frequently among construction workers in Yushu

The aim was to measure the incidence of high altitude headache (HAH) and to determine clinical features, as well as the relation between acute mountain sickness (AMS) and HAH through a prospective .study. We conducted a questionnaire-based study among construction workers in Yushu after a serious earthquake they were under reconstruction using a structured questionnaire incorporating International Headache Society (HIS) and AMS Lake Louise scoring system. A total of 608 workers were enrolled after their first ascent to altitudes between 3750-4528 m. The results showed that 96 percent reported at least 1 HAH (median 3.8, range 1 to 10) in workers at a mean altitude of 4250 m. The magnitude of headache was divided as mild (38 %), moderate (44%) and severe (18 %). This study indicates that HAH is the commonest symptom of acute altitude exposure and closely correlated with elevation (r= 0.165, p<0.001). However, 52 percent of headache was one of the main symptoms of AMS, while the other48 percent was the sole symptom of HAH. On the contrary we found that two percent of AMS without headache, thus the “painless AMS” is actually existed. The clinical features of HAH are presented, and the relationship between AMS and HAH is discussed.     

A nuclear Argonaute promotes multigenerational epigenetic inheritance and germline immortality

Epigenetic information is frequently erased near the start of each new generation. In some cases, however, epigenetic information can be transmitted from parent to progeny (multigenerational epigenetic inheritance). A particularly notable example of this type of epigenetic inheritance is double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans. This RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) can be inherited for more than five generations. To understand this process, here we conduct a genetic screen for nematodes defective in transmitting RNAi silencing signals to future generations. This screen identified the heritable RNAi defective 1 (hrde-1) gene. hrde-1 encodes an Argonaute protein that associates with small interfering RNAs in the germ cells of progeny of animals exposed to double-stranded RNA. In the nuclei of these germ cells, HRDE-1 engages the nuclear RNAi defective pathway to direct the trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys?9 (H3K9me3) at RNAi-targeted genomic loci and promote RNAi inheritance. Under normal growth conditions, HRDE-1 associates with endogenously expressed short interfering RNAs, which direct nuclear gene silencing in germ cells. In hrde-1- or nuclear RNAi-deficient animals, germline silencing is lost over generational time. Concurrently, these animals exhibit steadily worsening defects in gamete formation and function that ultimately lead to sterility. These results establish that the Argonaute protein HRDE-1 directs gene-silencing events in germ-cell nuclei that drive multigenerational RNAi inheritance and promote immortality of the germ-cell lineage. We propose that C. elegans use the RNAi inheritance machinery to transmit epigenetic information, accrued by past generations, into future generations to regulate important biological processes.     

Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition

To correlate the variable clinical features of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer with somatic alterations, we studied pretreatment tumour biopsies accrued from patients in two studies of neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy by massively parallel sequencing and analysis. Eighteen significantly mutated genes were identified, including five genes (RUNX1, CBFB, MYH9, MLL3 and SF3B1) previously linked to haematopoietic disorders. Mutant MAP3K1 was associated with luminal A status, low-grade histology and low proliferation rates, whereas mutant TP53 was associated with the opposite pattern. Moreover, mutant GATA3 correlated with suppression of proliferation upon aromatase inhibitor treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated that mutations in MAP2K4, a MAP3K1 substrate, produced similar perturbations as MAP3K1 loss. Distinct phenotypes in oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer are associated with specific patterns of somatic mutations that map into cellular pathways linked to tumour biology, but most recurrent mutations are relatively infrequent. Prospective clinical trials based on these findings will require comprehensive genome sequencing.