猎蝽卵壳表面细微结构扫描电镜观察(半翅目：猎蝽科：真猎蝽亚科)

记述了我国的暗素猎蝽Epidaus nebulo(Stal)，六刺素猎蝽Epidaus sexspinus Haiao，红缘猛猎蝽Sphedanolestes gularis Hsiao，云斑瑞猎蝽Rhynocris incertus (Distant)，多变齿胫猎蝽Rihirbus strochantericus stal，利用扫描电镜分别对这些卵的卵壳表面及卵前极的细策结构进行了观察，比较，同时通过野外采集，饲养，记录了两个种的生物学特征，量度单位：mm。     

用椭圆偏振光谱法研究Ga_xIn_(1-x)P的光学性质(Ⅰ)

用变入射角椭圆偏振技术测量了用金属有机气相沉积（ＭＯＣＶＤ）方法在ＧａＡｓ衬底上生长的ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＰ以及掺Ｓｉ和掺Ｚｎ样品在可见光区室温下的光学常数．对其结果进行了讨论,给出了带隙Ｅｇ和跃迁Ｅｇ＋Δ０的能量值,Δ０的实验值与计算值符合的很好．     

Dual effects of spatial updating in both real and virtual environments

When people move around in their environment, spatial updating, which is an automatic cognitive process, is essential to ensuring people can keep track of their relations between them and the surrounding objects, and to "recalculating" the relative position and orientation of those objects with regard to the current position of the persons. Despite the facilitating effect of spatial updating to people’s mental representation in most circumstances as demonstrated in most of the existing literature, the effect sometimes can be adversarial. For instance, some research suggested that even though people were asked to ignore their locomotion, it is difficult to suppress updating of the spatial representation during movement. The current two studies were conducted to systematically investigate the dual effects of spatial updating in both real and virtual environments. We used a typical spatial updating paradigm to explore the effects of scene familiarity (familiar vs. novel) and person’s locomotion (stationary vs. moving) on change detection accuracy (target object moved or not). The results indicated a facilitating effect of spatial updating in the novel scene condition, but an adversarial effect in the familiar scene condition-the dual effects, in both real and virtual environments.     

Prolyl 4-hydroxylation regulates Argonaute 2 stability

Human Argonaute (Ago) proteins are essential components of the RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). Argonaute 2 (Ago2) has a P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) domain, which folds like RNase H and is responsible for target RNA cleavage in RNA interference. Proteins such as Dicer, TRBP, MOV10, RHA, RCK/p54 and KIAA1093 associate with Ago proteins and participate in small RNA processing, RISC loading and localization of Ago proteins in the cytoplasmic messenger RNA processing bodies. However, mechanisms that regulate RNA interference remain obscure. Here we report physical interactions between Ago2 and the alpha-(P4H-alpha(I)) and beta-(P4H-beta) subunits of the type I collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylase (C-P4H(I)). Mass spectrometric analysis identified hydroxylation of the endogenous Ago2 at proline 700. In vitro, both Ago2 and Ago4 seem to be more efficiently hydroxylated than Ago1 and Ago3 by recombinant human C-P4H(I). Importantly, human cells depleted of P4H-alpha(I) or P4H-beta by short hairpin RNA and P4H-alpha(I) null mouse embryonic fibroblast cells showed reduced stability of Ago2 and impaired short interfering RNA programmed RISC activity. Furthermore, mutation of proline 700 to alanine also resulted in destabilization of Ago2, thus linking Ago2 P700 and hydroxylation at this residue to its stability regulation. These findings identify hydroxylation as a post-translational modification important for Ago2 stability and effective RNA interference.     

蝽类昆虫卵形态细微结构扫描电镜观察（半翅目，蝽科）

首次利用扫描电镜对5种蝽科昆虫的卵进行了观察,比较,揭示出卵壳表面细微结构,尤其是卵前极的呼吸精孔突的数目,形状以及破卵器等特征,这些种分属于3亚科：小皱蝽Cyclopelta parva Distant隶必于 兜蝽亚科（Dinidorinae),益蝽Picromerus lewisi Scott,双刺益蝽Picromorus bidens (Linneaus)属于益蝽亚科（Asopinae);卷蝽Paterculus elatus(Yang)和金绿真蝽Pentatoma metallifera Motshulsky隶属蝽亚科（Pentatominae)。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function

Cardiovascular diseases are predicted to be the most common cause of death worldwide by 2020. Here we show that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) maps to a defined quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the X chromosome in three different rat models of hypertension. In all hypertensive rat strains, ACE2 messenger RNA and protein expression were markedly reduced, suggesting that ace2 is a candidate gene for this QTL. Targeted disruption of ACE2 in mice results in a severe cardiac contractility defect, increased angiotensin II levels, and upregulation of hypoxia-induced genes in the heart. Genetic ablation of ACE on an ACE2 mutant background completely rescues the cardiac phenotype. But disruption of ACER, a Drosophila ACE2 homologue, results in a severe defect of heart morphogenesis. These genetic data for ACE2 show that it is an essential regulator of heart function in vivo.     

自适应阈值小波在指纹图像去噪中的应用

目前指纹识别技术具有很广泛的应用,但通常指纹图像含有混合噪声,而传统小波阈值去噪算法对含有混合噪声的图像去噪时,存在混合噪声去除不彻底的问题,为此提出了一种改进的自适应阈值和连续型低误差阈值函数的小波去噪算法.首先,算法对含有混合噪声的指纹图像进行一次中值滤波去噪.然后,设计了一种新的自适应阈值,小波分解层数越大新阈值就会越小,就能更好地体现噪声信号在进行小波分解时减小的特征.最后,设计了连续型低误差改进阈值函数,改进的函数是连续的,并且阈值达到极限时误差为0.改进后的算法使得估计的小波系数更加接近真实系数,重构后的图像更接近原始图像.实验结果表明,该算法对含有高斯噪声和椒盐噪声的指纹图像处理时,相比于其他算法,得到了更好的峰值信噪比和均方误差数值,去噪后的指纹图像纹理显示更加清晰.     

现代科学思想方法研究的原则和方法

本文根据现代科学思想方法的整体结构特点和形成规律,提出了研究现代科学思想方法应遵循的一般原则,介绍了现代科学思想方法研究常用的几种方法。