Revitalizing the Concept of Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) from a Systemic Perspective: Objectives,Policy Types,and Impact Mechanisms

Systemic Practice and Action Research - Recently, demand-side innovation policies for securing new driving-force for economic growth centered on developed countries, especially on the importance of...     

黄河灌区水热通量的观测与分析

为解决农田节水问题,进行了田间水热通量观测和水热耦合循环过程机制分析。观测系统主要包括:常规气象、辐射、涡度相关法观测系统以及土壤水分观测剖面。该系统能够连续和稳定地观测土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热循环过程,涡度相关法观测数据具有与国际同类观测一致的精度。对2005年山东省位山引黄灌区冬小麦和夏玉米生长期内水热平衡的分析表明:当叶面积指数较大时潜热是农田能量消耗的主要方式;在冬小麦返青至收割期内作物耗水略小于供水,而在玉米生长期内供水远大于作物耗水,灌区供水充分。     

热解析GC用的大容量固相萃取器的开发及其基本特性的探讨

开发了一种用于液体和气体样品中微量组分富集的大容量固相萃取装置.在小金属钛管(内径1.2mm外径1.6mm长6～30mm)的外壁键合上一层聚二甲基硅氧烷(厚0.32mm),就能有效地萃取多种有机物,结果可用热解吸-气相色谱-质谱联检.     

A 160-kilobit molecular electronic memory patterned at 10(11) bits per square centimetre

The primary metric for gauging progress in the various semiconductor integrated circuit technologies is the spacing, or pitch, between the most closely spaced wires within a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuit. Modern DRAM circuits have 140 nm pitch wires and a memory cell size of 0.0408 mum(2). Improving integrated circuit technology will require that these dimensions decrease over time. However, at present a large fraction of the patterning and materials requirements that we expect to need for the construction of new integrated circuit technologies in 2013 have 'no known solution'. Promising ingredients for advances in integrated circuit technology are nanowires, molecular electronics and defect-tolerant architectures, as demonstrated by reports of single devices and small circuits. Methods of extending these approaches to large-scale, high-density circuitry are largely undeveloped. Here we describe a 160,000-bit molecular electronic memory circuit, fabricated at a density of 10(11) bits cm(-2) (pitch 33 nm; memory cell size 0.0011 microm2), that is, roughly analogous to the dimensions of a DRAM circuit projected to be available by 2020. A monolayer of bistable, [2]rotaxane molecules served as the data storage elements. Although the circuit has large numbers of defects, those defects could be readily identified through electronic testing and isolated using software coding. The working bits were then configured to form a fully functional random access memory circuit for storing and retrieving information.     

Assessment of superoxide-mediated release of vascular-inhibitory factor(s) from endothelial cells by using a two-bath system

Release of a vascular-inhibitory factor from endothelial cells (EC), different from endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF), was identified through use of a two-bath system. This two-bath system precluded the effects of oxygen-free radicals that appear when electrical field stimulation (EFS) is directly imposed on detector muscle.     

天然树脂紫胶的热裂解-气相色谱特性

研究了有机碱试剂,氢氧化四甲铵(tetramethylammonium hydroxide TMAH)共存下的反应热裂解气相色谱(Py-GC)应用于天然树脂紫胶的化学组成分析.并在反应Py-GC测得的化学组成的基础上,应用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)对印度和泰国产紫胶进行产地识别分析.     

韩国松萎蔫病的研究及防控现状

自从松萎蔫病于1988年首次报道以来,该病已经扩散到韩国大部分地区并引起未能预见的危害。从2000年该病危害急剧增加,到2006年危害面积已达7 871 hm2。2000—2008年伐除的病树已达1 851 225株,年经济损失达1 000万美元。2006年后危害面积下降,2008年下降到6 015 hm2。但至2008年该病已经扩散至韩国54个地区、县和11省。调查发现松材线虫可以被云杉花墨天牛(Monochamus saltuarius)所携带。防治的策略为：(1)连续地监测;(2)病株的早期检测;(3)伐除病株;(4)焚烧和熏蒸伐除的病木。对人文和旅游景点及成熟林可以采取注射法防治,也可采取飞防的方法防治天牛。韩国已经通过了法律,禁止病木的运输。在首次发现该病后连续3 a未发生重复感染的地区,建立无病区和优选系统。