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W J Leonard J M Depper G R Crabtree S Rudikoff J Pumphrey R J Robb M Kr?nke P B Svetlik N J Peffer T A Waldmann 《Nature》1984,311(5987):626-631
We have purified the human T-cell growth factor (interleukin-2) receptor and have cloned, sequenced and expressed cDNAs corresponding to this receptor. We identify one gene, but two interleukin-2 receptor mRNAs which differ in their polyadenylation signals. We have isolated an additional cDNA that may correspond to an alternatively spliced mRNA that lacks a 216 base segment and appears to encode an altered membrane protein which cannot bind interleukin-2. 相似文献
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Fenton F. Robb 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》1991,4(4):365-385
The aim of this paper is to provide some refreshment for jaded and confused spirits. David Hume, the foremost critic of the Enlightenment, asked some questions, pertinent to systems practice, which have yet to be answered fully. His attacks on superstition and naive realism will be received with sympathy today, but he still makes challenges to rationalism and to a priori knowledge and principles, which are as fresh today as they were in his time. He also has some advice for systems practitioners. 相似文献
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Yamada K Andrews C Chan WM McKeown CA Magli A de Berardinis T Loewenstein A Lazar M O'Keefe M Letson R London A Ruttum M Matsumoto N Saito N Morris L Del Monte M Johnson RH Uyama E Houtman WA de Vries B Carlow TJ Hart BL Krawiecki N Shoffner J Vogel MC Katowitz J Goldstein SM Levin AV Sener EC Ozturk BT Akarsu AN Brodsky MC Hanisch F Cruse RP Zubcov AA Robb RM Roggenkäemper P Gottlob I Kowal L Battu R Traboulsi EI Franceschini P Newlin A Demer JL Engle EC 《Nature genetics》2003,35(4):318-321
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1; OMIM #135700) is an autosomal dominant strabismus disorder associated with defects of the oculomotor nerve. We show that individuals with CFEOM1 harbor heterozygous missense mutations in a kinesin motor protein encoded by KIF21A. We identified six different mutations in 44 of 45 probands. The primary mutational hotspots are in the stalk domain, highlighting an important new role for KIF21A and its stalk in the formation of the oculomotor axis. 相似文献
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Barouch DH Liu J Li H Maxfield LF Abbink P Lynch DM Iampietro MJ SanMiguel A Seaman MS Ferrari G Forthal DN Ourmanov I Hirsch VM Carville A Mansfield KG Stablein D Pau MG Schuitemaker H Sadoff JC Billings EA Rao M Robb ML Kim JH Marovich MA Goudsmit J Michael NL 《Nature》2012,482(7383):89-93
Preclinical studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine candidates have typically shown post-infection virological control, but protection against acquisition of infection has previously only been reported against neutralization-sensitive virus challenges. Here we demonstrate vaccine protection against acquisition of fully heterologous, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Adenovirus/poxvirus and adenovirus/adenovirus-vector-based vaccines expressing SIV(SME543) Gag, Pol and Env antigens resulted in an 80% or greater reduction in the per-exposure probability of infection against repetitive, intrarectal SIV(MAC251) challenges in rhesus monkeys. Protection against acquisition of infection showed distinct immunological correlates compared with post-infection virological control and required the inclusion of Env in the vaccine regimen. These data demonstrate the proof-of-concept that optimized HIV-1 vaccine candidates can block acquisition of stringent, heterologous, neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys. 相似文献