INFORMATION CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS FOR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

This paper studies identification of systems in which the system output is quantized, transmitted through a digital communication channel, and observed afterwards. The concept of the CR Ratio is introduced to characterize impact of communication channels on identification. The relationship between the CR Ratio and Shannon channel capacity is discussed. Identification algorithms are further developed when the channel error probability is unknown.     

The Classification of States for Markov Chain in Random Environments and m-irreducible

First of all,we introduces the concept of m-irreducible of Markov chain in random environment. Then under the condition of m-irreducible,the relationship of recurrent and positive recurrent between two states is studied. We also give several conditions that can imply a state is recurrent and positive recurrent. And then the period of a state is discussed and we obtained that under the condition of m-irreducible,for any two states in X ,they have the same period.     

Watching cartoons activates the medial prefrontal cortex in children

The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of human adults is involved in attributing mental states to real human agents but not to virtual artificial characters. This study examined whether such differential MPFC activity can be observed in children who are more fascinated by cartoons than adults. We measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while 10-year-old children watched movie and cartoon clips, simulating real and virtual visual worlds, respectively. We showed neuroimaging evidence that, in contrast to adults, the MPFC of children was activated when perceiving both human agents and artificial characters in coherent visual events. Our findings suggest that, around the age of 10 years, the MPFC activity in children is different from that in adults in that it can be spontaneously activated by non-human agents in a virtual visual world.     

Electronic Properties of Organic Semiconductors Based on Nonconjugated Polymers

1 Results The paper presented review of experimental results on the charge transport study in the polymer materials,possessed charge instability.The base of these materials is noncojugated polyaromatic compounds.Characteristic feature these materials is a wide of band gap up to 4.3 eV and the value of first ionization potential about 6 eV.Electronic energetic parameters like these are typical for insulator materials.However it was established that there are not only hopping mechanism of charge transport possible but coherent too in such organic systems.Wide band gap organic material capable to transport charge carrier effectively under certain conditions and the same time conductivity can reach 105 (Ohm·cm)-1 value and current density up to 106 A/cm2 and more.Transformation to conducting phase may occur with different fields and influences,such as electric field,magnet field,pressure,temperature and others.These transformations are reversible as a rule.There is three main of the phenomena fields may be emphasize: electro-optical,switching,and electronic phenomena,including nanophenomena.Electro-optical phenomena are electroluminescence first of all[1].Switching phenomena unites as following switching induced by electric field[2],pressure[3],magnet field[4],boundary condition changing[5],traps thermoionization[6],particle irradiation[7].Electronic phenomena which can observe in thin polyarylide films are as follow electron cold emission[8],superconductivity[9],charged induced nanomemory[10],quantum dot generation[11].     

近岸、河口缺氧区域的主要生物地球化学耗氧过程

近岸、河口区的缺氧问题正逐步发展为全球性的重大生态环境问题,探究缺氧的形成、变化趋势及其控制机理科学意义显著,也是区域环境保护与治理决策的科学基础.珠江是中国第二大河,其主要入海口之一的虎门及其上游水域的表层溶解氧浓度经常小于3 mg/L,甚至低达0.5～1 mg/L,该低氧水域面积超过70 km^2.本文以珠江口缺氧区域为主,综述了近岸、河口区的主要生物地球化学耗氧过程,提出在分析近岸、河口区的缺氧问题时必须综合考虑有机物耗氧分解与硝化作用,缺氧水域同时也是CO2、N2O、CH4等生源温室气体的重要源地.     

青梅茎的化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

利用硅胶柱层析和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离和纯化,从青梅(Vatica mangachpoi Blanco)茎的乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到5个化合物。经理化数据对照和波谱分析,确定它们分别为岩白菜素(1)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、β-胡萝卜甙(4)和熊果酸(5)。其中化合物(2)、(4)和(5)首次从该属植物中分离得到,所有化合物均为首次从该植物中发现。     

Field trial of an HTS filter system on a CDMA base station

This paper presents the field trial results of a high temperature superconductor filter system (HTSFS) in a code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication base station (BTS) in Tangshan, China. The center frequency of the HTSFS is 830 MHz with 1.4% fractional bandwidth. The noise figure (NF) of the HTSFS, including connectors and cables, is 0.8 dB. The field trial results show that after the HTSFS was installed in the receiver front-end of a CDMA base station, the transmitting power of handset was decreased by 3.1 dB on average. Up to now, the HTSFS has been running steadily in the base station for more than 22 months, demonstrating the reliability and stability of the system.     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

Recent temperature increase recorded in an ice core in the source region of Yangtze River

Interests on climate change in the source region of Yangtze River have been raised since it is a region with the greatest warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A 70-year history of precipitation δ~(18)O has been recovered using an ice core record retrieved in a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33°34′37.8″N, 91°10′35.3″E, 5720 m a.s.l.), Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River), in November, 2005. By using a significant positive relationship between ice core δ~(18)O record and summer air temperature (July to September) from the nearby meteorological stations, a history of summer air temperature has been reconstructed for the last 70 years. Summer temperature was relatively low in 1940s and high in 1950s to the middle of 1960s. The lowest temperature occurred in the middle of 1970s. Temperature was low in 1980s and dramatically increased since 1990s, keeping the trend to the begin-ning of the 21st century. The warming rate recorded in the ice core with 0.5℃/10 a since 1970s is much higher that that in the central TP and the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and it becomes 1.1℃/10 a since 1990s which is also higher than these from the central TP and the NH, reflecting an accelerated warm-ing and a more sensitive response to global warming in the high elevation region.     

“一氧化氮养生法”让你远离心脑血管病

一氧化氮是生物学中最简单的分子之一。尽管它的结构及其简单,但目前一氧化氮被认为是体内最重要的信号分子,对机体健康至关重要。一氧化氮是一种很强的信号分子,存在于心血管系统、神经系统乃至全身。在一氧化氮的诸多作用中,以血管舒张作用最为重要。一氧化氮可舒张和扩张血管以确保心脏的足够血供。一氧化氮的另一个重要作用就是减慢动脉粥样硬化斑块在血管壁的沉积。我的研究强烈提示利用一氧化氮可以拮抗动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。