Uniform optimal-order estimates for finite element methods for advection-diffusion equations

This article summarizes our recent work on uniform error estimates for various finite element methods for time-dependent advection-diffusion equations.     

GPS水准多项式曲面拟合模型实验研究

利用移动多项式曲面拟合基本原理,探讨了不同模型对已知点数量的多少以及已知点与拟合点之间的位置关系对GPS水准拟合精度的影响规律,通过在实际工程中的应用实验研究,得出利用合适的拟合模型GPS高程能达到四等水准测量要求的结论.对GPS实际生产作业具有一定的指导意义,同时通过处理数据的统计与比较,给出某一地区的最优模型.     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

降雨因素对土壤表面结皮发育的影响

为研究降雨因素在土壤表面结皮发育过程中的作用,结合物理模型实验方法和基于物理概念的水文响应数值模拟,以土壤表面的饱和水力传导系数Ks值作为评价指标,研究分析了雨强和累积降雨量两个降雨因素对结皮发育程度的影响。结果显示:Ks值随累积降雨量的增加而减小,且在累积降雨量较小时,Ks的减小速度更快,约为后期速度的23倍;最终累积降雨量近似的情况下,雨强较大时Ks更容易达到一稳定值;在降雨过程中,雨强与Ks的关系前后不一致。研究结果表明:降雨过程中结皮发育是个复杂的动态变化过程。     

城市交通微循环网络设计优化模型

定义了交通微循环概念.建立了交通微循环网络设计双层优化模型,上层问题为在满足路段饱和度约束及最大改造能力约束的条件下使得交通微循环对环境影响最小、交通效率最高及投资最省;下层问题采用用户均衡交通分配来描述驾驶员的路径选择行为.运用功效系数法构造了多目标规划的评价函数,并通过遗传算法建立了模型的求解算法.算例表明,通过求解双层规划模型可同时确定交通微循环网络构成及各条道路改造后的通行能力.     

池塘条件与养鱼水质的分析

池塘养鱼对池塘水源、面积、水深、形状和方向、底质、环境等重要因素进行具体分析,提出养鱼水质对鱼类和水生生物的水温适应范围及最适生长温度、改造方法,为池塘养鱼高产提供参考。     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

无溶剂条件下代硫醇试剂与α,β-不饱和酮的迈克尔加成反应

用4,4-二烷硫基-3-烯-2-丁酮(1)作为无气味硫醇替代试剂在硫杂迈克尔加成反应中进行了研究.用浓盐酸做催化剂,将一系列α,β-不饱和酮(2)与1在无溶剂条件下混合发生反应,得到了相应的产率较高硫杂迈克尔加成产物(3),并对其反应机理进行了探讨.     

多取代5,6二氢-4-噻喃并咪唑酮类化合物的合成

在α-肉桂酰基二硫缩烯酮类化合物(1)的基础上,由2,3-二氢-4-噻喃酮化合物(2)与水合肼在温和条件下合成了多取代5,6-二氢-4-噻喃并咪唑酮类化合物(3),通过核磁共振、红外光谱、质谱及元素分析对所得化合物进行了表征,并对该反应机理进行了探讨.