活性污泥宏基因组Fosmid文库的构建

大插入片段宏基因组文库的构建是开发大片段目的基因及分析其结构与功能的基础.文中分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法、试剂盒及琼脂糖包埋法提取活性污泥宏基因组DNA,其中琼脂糖包埋法获得的DNA片段大于23kbp,利用此DNA成功构建了以pCC1FOS为载体的Fosmid文库,该文库含有5280个克隆,平均插入片段长度为35～40 kbp,共包含约200 Mbp的宏基因组DNA.从此文库中随机挑选200个克隆,利用活性筛选方法快速筛选到了1个含有淀粉酶的阳性克隆,表明活性污泥Fosmid文库可用于功能基因的活性筛选,具有开发新基因的潜力.     

空调系统表冷器供冷量优化控制仿真研究

主要研究空调系统一定温度要求下的表冷器最小能耗优化控制.介绍了空调系统仿真软件HVACSIM+模拟空气处理系统所需的主要数学模型;对西安地区某建筑的空气处理系统和空调房间进行仿真.建立表冷器的能耗与冷冻水流速之间的函数关系,并将此作为目标函数.应用变量轮换法优化PID控制器参数,计算冷源向空调系统提供的能耗.结果表明,所建立的仿真系统运行稳定,且表冷器能耗与优化前相比大大减少.     

知识经济时代与信息技术

本文论述了知识经济的由来及主要特征及知识经济时代信息技术的重要性。     

Effect of monoclonal antibody to bull sperm sp18 on murine fertilization and embryos development

Western blot analysis revealed that one IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to sp18 family membrane proteins (Mr. 14, 16 and 18 ku) of bovine sperm reacted faintly with protein bands of 14, 18, 22, 30 and 60 ku (reducing) in samples of mouse sperm. The mAb also reacted to protein of egg lysozyme. Using a laser confocal microscope, indirect immunofluorescence (IIP) showed that the sp18 antigens were present in the posterior head of murine sperm. In murine in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development trails, a total of 426 oocytes from C57BL/6 and F1 hybrid strain (CD1 × C57BL/6 cross) of 12 female mice were used in 3 independent trails. After preincubating capacitated sperm with 182 μg/mL of sp18 mAb in the modified TYH IVF medium for 15-20 min, cumulus-oocyte-complexes were introduced. The fertilization rate in sp18 mAb groups was 77.1 %, which was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the nonspecific mouse IgG (79.2%) and non-IgG (80.3 %) control groups. Fertilized oocytes had been continuously cultured in modifed CZB medium. 100%, 100% and 97.9% of 1-cell embryos developed to 2-cell stage in sp18 mAb, nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG group 30 h after the start of fertilization, respectively. In the nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG groups, 64.1 % and 64.3% of embryos developed to the 4-cell stage, respectively, but all developing eggs in sp18 mAb groups arrested development in vitro at 2-cell stage. After zonae of 2-cell blocked embryos were enzy-matically removed with 0.5% pronase, detection of sp18 antigens by IIF indicated that the fluorescence scattered on two embryonic cells. For embryos fertilized in vivo and co-cultured with 182 μg/mL sp18 mAb, the numbers of 1-cell embryos reaching the 2-cell and 4-cell stage were 95. 2% and 70. 5%, which were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control group (92.9% and 77.9%). These results indicate that the sp18 antigens on posterior head of mouse sperm were incorporated into the egg plasma membrane during fertilization, and played an active role in development of murine preimplanta-tion embryo.     

库车前陆盆地构造特征及缩短量研究--以BC95-230剖面为例

库车坳陷是一种新型的前陆盆地,其构造样式以类型Ⅱ三角带为特征。复杂构造区的层面在二维平面内可看作为一条曲线,从而可运用分形几何学方法由分数维来定量描述。运用平衡剖面技术和分形方法,以ＢＣ９５－２３０ 剖面为例,进行了缩短量和剖面应变计算。分析结果表明,Ｎ１ 底界曲面的分维值为１．０４９１,缩短量达３５．２６７ ｋｍ ,表现出５０．０５％ 的应变。由于受层间滑动等多种地质因素的影响,平衡剖面技术计算结果存在较大误差。因此,要正确平衡地质剖面,必须对小尺度范围的应变进行分析     

基于地理信息系统与斜坡单元的峨边县地质灾害易发性评价

斜坡单元依据山脊线和山谷线划分的单元,能够体现研究区的真实地质环境条件,作为评价单元在地质灾害易发性评价中具有重要意义。采用地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS),运用水文分析工具提取峨边县斜坡单元,选取归一化植被指数、坡度、高程、地形起伏度、地层岩性、距水系的距离、距断层距离、距道路的距离8个因子,使用逻辑回归模型(logistic regression, LR),制得地质灾害易发性概率图,将其划分为非易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。结果表明：ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)曲线的线下面积(area under curve, AUC)精度检验值为0.917,极高易发区和高易发区内地质灾害点数占总灾害点数的81.3%,说明对峨边县进行基于斜坡单元使用逻辑回归进行地质灾害的易发性评价具有可行性和较高精度。     

喇萨杏油田特高含水期最低允许流压界限研究

针对喇萨杏油田特高含水期注水开发的特点,将注水系统、油藏系统和采油系统作为一个整体,结合注采平衡原理,给出了给定注水压力条件下最低允许流压的经验公式。应用该公式,结合注水井吸水能力及采油井产液能力的变化规律,可对不同注水压力、不同地层压力保持水平及不同含水率时的最低允许流压进行测算,为油田开发调整和规划编制提供依据。研究表明,最低允许流压随含水率升高而降低的传统认识只是一个特例,其变化规律还与注采能力、油水井数比等有关。对喇萨杏油田SZ开发区来说,为满足特高含水期的提液要求,须通过注采系统调整进一步降低油水井数比,增加注水井注水量。过度降低采油井井底流压将导致地层压力下降,影响最终水驱开发效果。提出的最低允许流压经验公式形式简单,参数易于收集,对特高含水期开发调整政策的制定具有很好的指导意义。     

高温合金磨削热损伤的形成机理及对表面完整性的影响

高温合金磨削加工过程中易出现热损伤缺陷,严重降低零件的疲劳寿命,为解决该工程问题,采用锆刚玉砂轮与微晶刚玉砂轮对高温合金开展了深切缓进磨削试验.研究磨削工艺参数对磨削温度、磨削力,表面形貌与表面粗糙度的影响规律,揭示高温合金磨削热损伤的形成机理与有效抑制措施,对比分析磨削热损伤对表面完整性造成的影响.结果表明,加工弧区瞬时高温是引起高温合金磨削热损伤的本质原因,微晶刚玉砂轮因自锐性优势能有效抑制磨削热损伤,高温合金磨削热损伤表面呈现氧化变色、鱼鳞状涂覆纹理、硬度下降与残余拉应力等表面缺陷.实现高温合金无热损伤磨削的有效手段是降低磨削热量的产生与加工弧区的强化换热.     

A 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China using tree-ring records

This paper presents a 457-year reconstruction of precipitation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using tree-ring records.Tree-ring samples were collected from the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.A nearly 500-year chronology was developed using tree-ring width records.Correlation analysis shows moisture is the main factor limiting tree growth in this region.Ring-widths were significantly positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) and precipitation in many months.The highest correlation coefficient was found between the annual growth of trees and precipitation from the previous September to the current June(0.738).Based on this relationship,we reconstructed the precipitation history from 1509 to 2006.The reconstruction explains 54.4%(Radj2=53.5%,N=49,F=56.12) of the actual precipitation variation during the calibration period(1958-2006).During the reliable period of the reconstruction(1549-2006),some low-frequency climate signals are included,indicating this region has been getting wetter in the last 20 years.The reconstruction documents six apparently dry and five pluvial periods and the 17th century dry period lasted longer than any other.When compared with other recent studies,this study and these earlier reconstructions show a similar trend in the variation of drought and pluvial.Further spatial correlation analysis confirms that the reconstructed precipitation adequately represents the rainfall history of the entire Hengduan Mountain area.The Multi-taper method,a type of spectral analysis,reveals that precipitation in this area had significant(P<0.01) spectral peaks at 3-5 a,60 a and 79-85 a.     

椭圆锥齿轮的强度计算与分析

由于目前对椭圆锥齿轮的研究主要是进行传动原理及特性、齿形设计、加工制造分析以及传动实验等研究,而对其轮齿承载能力的研究相对较少.结合微分几何理论和齿轮啮合原理,在椭圆锥齿轮平面当量节曲线的基础上,获得传动过程中的压力角变化关系.对啮合过程进行受力分析,并推导轮齿所受切向力及法向力的计算公式.建立椭圆锥齿轮强度的连续计算方法,讨论齿面接触应力和齿根弯曲应力随主动轮转角的变化规律.判断啮合过程中最薄弱轮齿的位置,分析了模数、齿数和偏心率3个基本参数对接触应力及弯曲应力的影响,并通过与传统直齿锥齿轮强度计算法的对比分析,验证了椭圆锥齿轮强度连续计算法的正确性.