环境科学专业实践教学体系的创新与探索

结合重庆三峡学院环境科学专业的实际,就环境科学专业实践教学体系目前存在的问题、改革思路、解决的方法等方面进行了探讨.对环境科学的实践教学进行改革和优化,构建了全新的二层次多平台实践教学新体系.取得了良好的教学效果.     

The cytotoxicity of eosinophil cationic protein/ribonuclease 3 on eukaryotic cell lines takes place through its aggregation on the cell membrane

Human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)/ ribonuclease 3 (RNase 3) is a protein secreted from the secondary granules of activated eosinophils. Specific properties of ECP contribute to its cytotoxic activities associated with defense mechanisms. In this work the ECP cytotoxic activity on eukaryotic cell lines is analyzed. The ECP effects begin with its binding and aggregation to the cell surface, altering the cell membrane permeability and modifying the cell ionic equilibrium. No internalization of the protein is observed. These signals induce cell-specific morphological and biochemical changes such as chromatin condensation, reversion of membrane asymmetry, reactive oxygen species production and activation of caspase-3-like activity and, eventually, cell death. However, the ribonuclease activity component of ECP is not involved in this process as no RNA degradation is observed. In summary, the cytotoxic effect of ECP is attained through a mechanism different from that of other cytotoxic RNases and may be related with the ECP accumulation associated with the inflammatory processes, in which eosinophils are present. Received 26 October 2007; accepted 23 November 2007     

MYH9 is associated with nondiabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans

As end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has a four times higher incidence in African Americans compared to European Americans, we hypothesized that susceptibility alleles for ESRD have a higher frequency in the West African than the European gene pool. We carried out a genome-wide admixture scan in 1,372 ESRD cases and 806 controls and found a highly significant association between excess African ancestry and nondiabetic ESRD (lod score = 5.70) but not diabetic ESRD (lod = 0.47) on chromosome 22q12. Each copy of the European ancestral allele conferred a relative risk of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.39-0.63) compared to African ancestry. Multiple common SNPs (allele frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 0.6) in the gene encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain type II isoform A (MYH9) were associated with two to four times greater risk of nondiabetic ESRD and accounted for a large proportion of the excess risk of ESRD observed in African compared to European Americans.     

滞后广义系统的渐近稳定与镇定

广义系统的渐近稳定与镇定问题是广义系统理论的基本问题之一,在许多领域均有应用,时滞广义系统的研究与无时滞广义系统相比要困难得多。利用广义Lyapunov泛函方法研究了具滞后的广义系统的渐近稳定性和镇定问题,给出了渐近稳定判定定理,设计了适当的反馈律,以实现滞后广义系统的镇定,方法简单,直观,易于理解,给出的例子说明了该定理的可行性。     

一种VOP生成技术的研究与实现

视频对象平面(Video Object Plane,VOP)的生成是基于对象的编码技术以及基于图像内容的操作的基础。提出了以对象运动特征,在2D+T三维空间进行图像分割的VOP生成技术,特别是在摄像机运动的动态场景中,以全局运动估计技术补偿摄像机的运动,同时以边缘图像与差分图像进行匹配,克服对象高速运动时背景的遮拦与显露造成的影响,准确地生成VOP图像。针对真实场景的实际处理结果表明该算法是成功的。     

2型模糊集对率模系统可靠性分析的推广

鉴于2型模糊集对于模糊现象的描述更为深刻的特点,将系统的模糊成功和模糊故障用2型模糊集表示,引入模糊随机变量等数学工具对率模系统可靠性进行了分析,得到了率模可靠度,率模寿命,率模故障率等结论,推广了文献［1］的结果     

高动态GPS/INS组合导航算法研究

首先介绍了新型深组合GPS/INS系统原理图及组合导航滤波算法。在该算法中,组合卡尔曼滤波器除完成INS误差及GPS接收机时钟误差的估计外,还参与了GPS码跟踪,即完成传统码跟踪环中环路滤波器的功能。采用自适应码跟踪误差估计器补偿组合卡尔曼滤波器测量值中的相关分量,从而消除了传统组合中不稳定的主要根源。然后进行了计算机仿真计算,仿真结果表明,新型深组合GPS/INS导航算法适用于机动性较高的载体。     

灵敏度分析在惯导平台误差参数辨识中的应用

为了解决传统的惯导平台测漂方案下,惯导平台上陀螺安装误差角的系统级辨识精度不高的问题,对平台漂移的非线性模型进行了灵敏度分析,找出了影响陀螺安装误差角辨识精度的主要因素,进而提出了转台相对地面存在角速率条件下的改进辨识方案.仿真结果表明,在改进的辨识方案下误差角的辨识精度获得了显著提高.