Solving the Observing and Downloading Integrated Scheduling Problem of Earth Observation Satellite with a Quantum Genetic Algorithm

This paper addresses the integrated Earth observation satellite scheduling problem. It is a complicated problem because observing and downloading operations are both involved. We use an acyclic directed graph model to describe the observing and downloading integrated scheduling problem.Based on the model which considering energy constraints and storage capacity constraints, we develop an efficient solving method using a novel quantum genetic algorithm. We design a new encoding and decoding scheme that can generate feasible solution and increase the diversity of the population.The results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed method solves the integrated Earth observation satellite scheduling problem with good performance and outperforms the genetic algorithm and greedy algorithm on all instances.     

球状飞射物对屋面瓦片冲击效应的数值模拟

选取典型的球状混凝土飞射物,研究其对一种典型屋面陶土瓦片的冲击破坏作用.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA平台,参考落球冲击试验方法建立冲击碰撞的有限元计算模型.选取Johnson-Holmquist-Ceramic本构模型模拟陶土瓦片材料,引入单元应变失效准则模拟瓦片破坏情况,采用显式动力学方法研究落球冲击试验中瓦片应力、应变、变形的时变机理.对冲击速度、球块质量、瓦片倾角进行参数分析,结果表明,瓦片最大等效应力与冲击速率及球块质量大致成正比,与瓦片倾角相关性不大.冲击过程是一个能量显著转移的过程,根据损伤方程计算出陶土瓦片能承受不超过34.35m·s~(-1)的来流风速下球状混凝土飞射物的冲击破坏作用.     

Crystal-KMC: Parallel Software for Lattice Dynamics Monte Carlo Simulation of Metal Materials

Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC) is a widely used method for studying the evolution of materials at the microcosmic level. At present, while there are many simulation software programs based on this algorithm, most focus on the verification of a certain phenomenon and have no analog-scale requirement, so many are serial in nature. The dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm is implemented using a parallel framework called SPPARKS, but it does not support the Embedded Atom Method(EAM) potential, which is commonly used in the dynamic simulation of metal materials. Metal material — the preferred material for most containers and components — plays an important role in many fields, including construction engineering and transportation. In this paper, we propose and describe the development of a parallel software program called Crystal-KMC, which is specifically used to simulate the lattice dynamics of metallic materials. This software uses MPI to achieve a parallel multiprocessing mode, which avoid the limitations of serial software in the analog scale. Finally, we describe the use of the parallel-KMC simulation software Crystal-KMC in simulating the diffusion of vacancies in iron, and analyze the experimental results. In addition, we tested the performance of Crystal-KMC in "meta-Era" supercomputing clusters, and the results show the Crystal-KMC parallel software to have good parallel speedup and scalability.     

心绞痛患者经PCI治疗后不良心脏事件与血清总胆红素水平相关性分析

目的分析心绞痛患者经PCI治疗后不良心脏事件与血清总胆红素水平的相关性.方法选取行PCI的129例心绞痛患者,根据血清TBIL水平将患者分为对照组和观察组,比较两组患者实验室检查指标;比较分析两组患者冠状动脉造影检查结果;比较分析两组患者行PCI的相关指标;比较两组患者发生不良心血管事件(MACE)的情况,并进行Cox比例风险回归分析.结果观察组患者TG,TC水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而其余指标(血糖、Scr、Hb、LDL-C、HDL-C、AST)两组患者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者冠状动脉病变支数、靶病变部位、慢性闭塞病变及LVEF≤40%与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者置入支架长度长于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者经桡动脉途径行PCI者所占比例、置入支架数和置入支架直径与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组患者随访期间MACE发生率为24.1%,高于对照组的8.4%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示:血清TBIL水平是心绞痛患者PCI后MACE的保护因素,置入支架长度则是危险因素.结论心绞痛患者PCI后血清TBIL水平越低其预后越差;血清TBIL水平是心绞痛患者PCI后MACE的保护因素,置入支架长度则是危险因素.     

石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料的电化学性能研究

采用Hummers法和水热法,制备石墨烯和碳量子点溶液作为前驱体,然后通过一步煅烧法制得石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料。借助SEM、UV-Vis、FTIR等手段,对样品的形貌和结构进行表征;利用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)及恒流充放电循环测试等,重点考察了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,在石墨烯表面负载碳量子点可增加材料的比表面积并改善其机械性能,由于活性位点的增加,所制石墨烯-碳量子点复合电极具有较好的可逆性及电化学活性;在检测不同浓度双氧水时,复合电极的灵敏度为纯石墨烯电极的1.4倍左右;石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料作为锂离子电池负极使用时,与纯石墨烯材料相比具有更好的循环稳定性,且容量保持率提高了1.67倍。     

Alkaline digestion behavior and alumina extraction from sodium aluminosilicate generated in pyrometallurgical process

In pyrometallurgical process, Al-and Si-bearing minerals in iron and aluminum ores are easily transformed into sodium aluminosilicates in the presence of Na₂O constituents, which alters the leaching behaviors of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. It was confirmed that sodium aluminosilicates with different phase compositions synthesized at various roasting conditions were effectively digested in the alkaline digestion process. Under the optimum conditions at temperature of 100-120℃, liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 10:2 mL/g, caustic ratio of 4, and Na₂O concentration of 240 g/L, the actual and relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ from the synthesized sodium aluminosilicates reached maximums of about 65% and 95%, respectively, while SiO₂ was barely leached out. To validate the superior digestion property of sodium aluminosilicate generated via an actual process, the Bayer digestion of an Al₂O₃-rich material derived from reductive roasting of bauxite and comprising Na_1.75Al_1.75Si_0.25O₄ was conducted; the relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ attained 90% at 200℃.     

黄土高原植被建设应从扩大面积向提升质量转变

 自1999年退耕还林还草政策实施以来,黄土高原的植被覆盖显著增加,有效遏制了该区水土流失。目前黄土高原的植被净初级生产力已经接近该区水资源承载力阈值,进一步扩大该区植被建设面积将不可避免地加剧水资源短缺等问题。为进一步巩固退耕还林成果,黄土高原未来的植被建设应从扩大面积向提升质量转变。     

尾矿库溃坝灾害防控现状及发展

尾矿库溃坝灾害应急响应时间短、潜在威胁巨大,往往造成惨重人员伤亡与巨额财产损失.近些年尾矿库安全事故发生数量的总体下降趋势充分体现出现代化技术及安全管理方面的进步,然而重大事故发生频次却不减反增,2015年巴西Samarco铁矿与2014年加拿大Mount Polley重大溃坝事故及其惨重后果,再次为尾矿库安全敲响警钟.我国现存尾矿库8869座,含"头顶库"1425座,安全形势复杂.本文在收集大量相关领域文献的基础上,聚焦尾矿库溃坝灾害防控体系中的安全监测、灾害预警与应急准备、安全管理与标准规范这三大方面核心内容,分别综述对比国内外现状及前沿进展,探讨分析我国当前所面临的问题并尝试提出改进建议,为尾矿库防灾减灾理论研究与技术革新提供参考.结果表明:(1)我国尾矿库安全监测标准更高,但仪器耐久性、可靠度与实用性不足,专用监测器件与新技术的研发应用势在必行;(2)灾害预警方法单一且可信度不高,而信息技术融合应用成为发展趋势;(3)应急管理与预警决策需以充分的科学论证为基础,当前研究在试验手段与计算方法上存在局限;(4)我国拥有完善的安全管理标准规范体系,但在安全等别划分、全生命周期管理、主体变更、事故总结等方面相对欠缺.     

一种内旁通道阀式磁流变液悬置结构原理与试验研究

理想的动力总成悬置在低频高幅值激励下应具有大刚度大阻尼、在高频低幅值激励下小刚度小阻尼特性.针对现有磁流变液悬置的动刚度可控范围低、零场动刚度大及工作行程有限等问题,本文提出并实现了一种在全工作频率范围内具有较大动刚度范围、较小零场动刚度和最大化工作行程的磁流变液悬置,即内旁通道阀式磁流变液悬置.利用有限元仿真软件对该磁流变液悬置进行了电磁场仿真分析.建立了该磁流变液悬置的可控阻尼力数学模型,并基于搭建的伺服液压作动系统进行了磁流变液悬置阻尼力可控性能试验.     

力学性能对矿柱体系破坏影响的三维数值分析

在深部高应力等复杂地质条件下开采时,由多个矿柱构成的矿柱体系的稳定性对矿山安全生产至关重要.利用RFPA^3D-Parallel程序,研究了单轴抗压强度对串行和并行矿柱体系破裂过程的影响.结果表明,串行矿柱中强度较弱部分的失稳决定整个体系的稳定,对该段加固和监测有助于体系的稳定性控制;对并行布设的矿柱体系,其压力传递与柱的抗压强度密切相关,较弱柱先破坏,应力依次向强度较高的柱转移,直到矿柱系统失稳;可将声发射数的多峰现象或声发射累积增长阶梯型弧段作为矿柱体系中弱柱失稳破裂、应力向相邻强柱转移的依据.