低电压低功耗音频Σ-Δ ADC调制器设计

针对应用于音频设备中的∑-ΔADC,提出一款改进的∑-ΔADC调制器.该调制器结构改进传统调制器的结构并对调制器系数进行优化,克服传统∑-ΔADC调制器结构的缺点,同时对调制器中的两个关键电路即OTA放大器和比较器也进行优化,极大改善了OTA放大器和比较器性能.改进后的调制器具有低电压、低功耗、高精度和较好的鲁棒性的特点.该调制器采用1.2 V低电压供电,过采样比(OSR)为128,采样频率为6.144 MHz,信号带宽为20 kHz.基于SMIC0.11μm的工艺下,完成了∑-ΔADC调制器的版图设计,并最终流片成功.芯片流片后的成测结果表明,调制器的信噪比达到102.4 dB,有效位达到16.7 bit,调制器的整体功耗仅1.17 mW左右,整个调制器的版图的面积仅为0.122 mm2左右.调制器的成测性能指标表明,该调制器是音频芯片中∑-ΔADC电路的良好选择.     

考虑单元互测的测试性指标分配方法

测试性分配是将系统级测试性指标按照一定规则分配给各组成单元的过程。针对现有主流测试性分配方法未考虑单元之间的互测情形,导致分配结果不合理,尤其是部分单元分配指标虚高,难以实现或代价过高等问题,提出了在综合考虑单元故障率、故障危害度等多重影响因素基础上,进一步考虑单元互测因素的测试性指标分配方法。首先实施考虑多重影响因素的指标初次分配;然后基于单元测试性初步设计结果,实施测试性建模与分析,得到单元自检故障率与他检故障率;再利用这两个数据以及初次分配结果构造分配函数实施再次分配,进而得到最终的分配结果;最后应用该方法进行仿真和实例运算,证明了该方法的有效性和先进性。     

激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金微观组织及残余应力的影响

Ti2AlNb(O-Ti2AlNb)具有优异的力学性能,在航空发动机方面有远大应用前景.激光冲击强化(Laser Shock Peening,LSP)是一种先进的表面改性技术,能够在材料表面诱导产生高幅值、大深度的残余压应力,改善材料微观组织,提高材料抗疲劳、高温氧化等性能.本文采用激光冲击强化对Ti2AlNb合金进行表面改性,并研究其组织演变、残余应力以及高温环境对性能的影响.结果表明:激光冲击强化能够显著减小Ti2AlNb合金近表面的晶粒尺寸.显微硬度由冲击前的350 HV提升到395 HV;在冲击区域近表面产生了约-377 MPa的残余压应力;而在高温环境中,由激光冲击强化所诱导的材料近表面残余应力随时间逐渐释放,在600℃条件下,残余应力释放较为缓慢;而在720℃条件下,残余应力迅速释放.     

Aristotle Said “Happiness is a State of Activity” — Predicting Mood Through Body Sensing with Smartwatches

We measure and predict states of Activation and Happiness using a body sensing application connected to smartwatches. Through the sensors of commercially available smartwatches we collect individual mood states and correlate them with body sensing data such as acceleration, heart rate, light level data, and location, through the GPS sensor built into the smartphone connected to the smartwatch. We polled users on the smartwatch for seven weeks four times per day asking for their mood state. We found that both Happiness and Activation are negatively correlated with heart beats and with the levels of light. People tend to be happier when they are moving more intensely and are feeling less activated during weekends. We also found that people with a lower Conscientiousness and Neuroticism and higher Agreeableness tend to be happy more frequently. In addition, more Activation can be predicted by lower Openness to experience and higher Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Lastly, we find that tracking people’s geographical coordinates might play an important role in predicting Happiness and Activation. The methodology we propose is a first step towards building an automated mood tracking system, to be used for better teamwork and in combination with social network analysis studies.     

Early SIV and HIV infection promotes the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs

Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) play a pivotal role in the early events that tip the immune response toward persistence or viral control. In vitro studies indicate that HIV infection induces the dysregulation of cDCs through binding of the LILRB2 inhibitory receptor to its MHC-I ligands and the strength of this interaction was proposed to drive disease progression. However, the dynamics of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs during early immune responses against HIV are yet unknown. Here, we show that early HIV-1 infection induces a strong and simultaneous increase of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression on the surface of blood cDCs. We further characterized the early dynamics of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression by showing that SIVmac251 infection of macaques promotes coordinated up-regulation of LILRB2 and MHC-I on cDCs and monocytes/macrophages, from blood and lymph nodes. Orientation towards the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis starts from the first days of infection and is transiently induced in the entire cDC population in acute phase. Analysis of the factors involved indicates that HIV-1 replication, TLR7/8 triggering, and treatment by IL-10 or type I IFNs increase LILRB2 expression. Finally, enhancement of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis is specific to HIV-1 and SIVmac251 infections, as expression of LILRB2 on cDCs decreased in naturally controlled chikungunya virus infection of macaques. Altogether, our data reveal a unique up-regulation of LILRB2 and its MHC-I ligands on cDCs in the early phase of SIV/HIV infection, which may account for immune dysregulation at a critical stage of the anti-viral response.     

EVOKE: A Value-Driven Concept Selection Method for Early System Design

The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to find within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering (SE), while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ‘design intent’ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE (Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity), a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE’s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.     

The expansion of GPCR transactivation-dependent signalling to include serine/threonine kinase receptors represents a new cell signalling frontier

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling is mediated through transactivation-independent signalling pathways or the transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors and the recently reported activation of the serine/threonine kinase receptors, most notably the transforming growth factor-β receptor family. Since the original observation of GPCR transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors, there has been considerable work on the mechanism of transactivation and several pathways are prominent. These pathways include the “triple membrane bypass” pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The recent recognition of GPCR transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors enormously broadens the GPCR signalling paradigm. It may be predicted that the transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors would have mechanistic similarities with transactivation of tyrosine kinase pathways; however, initial studies suggest that these two transactivation pathways are mechanistically distinct. Important questions are the relative importance of tyrosine and serine/threonine transactivation pathways, the contribution of transactivation to overall GPCR signalling, mechanisms of transactivation and the range of cell types in which this phenomenon occurs. The ultimate significance of transactivation-dependent signalling remains to be defined but it appears to be prominent and if so will represent a new cell signalling frontier.     

基于变量选择-神经网络模型的复杂路网短时交通流预测

摘要： 针对传统交通流预测模型正在由单断面历史数据处理向多断面、多时刻历史数据处理转变,但在考虑各断面间的影响时,多变的交通状况往往会使预测模型复杂化的问题,引入一种多元线性回归最小绝对收缩和选择算子方法(Lasso),并利用其优秀的变量选择能力,在复杂路网多断面中选出相关性较高的断面；结合神经网络(NN)的非线性特性,提出了Lasso NN组合模型.结果表明：Lasso NN模型在路网交叉口对未来15 min交通流数据预测的误差率低于9.2%；在非交叉口的误差率低于6.7%,总体优于各自单独使用得出的结果.     

Reconsideration on Homogeneous Quadratic Riemann Boundary Value Problem

The homogeneous quadratic Riemann boundary value problem (1) with Hoelder continuous coefficients for the normal case was considered by the author in 1997. But the solutions obtained there are incomplete. Here its general method of solution is obtained.