二阶非线性时滞微分方程解的振动性

讨论了二阶非线性非滞微分方程ｘ″（ｔ）＋ａ（ｔ）ｆ（ｘ（σｔ））＝０的解的振动性质，在一定条件下，建立了该方程的６个振动性定理。     

Phosphorus limitation of nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium in the central Atlantic Ocean

Marine fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is believed to be an important source of biologically useful nitrogen to ocean surface waters, stimulating productivity of phytoplankton and so influencing the global carbon cycle. The majority of nitrogen fixation in tropical waters is carried out by the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium, which supplies more than half of the new nitrogen used for primary production. Although the factors controlling marine nitrogen fixation remain poorly understood, it has been thought that nitrogen fixation is limited by iron availability in the ocean. This was inferred from the high iron requirement estimated for growth of nitrogen fixing organisms and the higher apparent densities of Trichodesmium where aeolian iron inputs are plentiful. Here we report that nitrogen fixation rates in the central Atlantic appear to be independent of both dissolved iron levels in sea water and iron content in Trichodesmium colonies. Nitrogen fixation was, instead, highly correlated to the phosphorus content of Trichodesmium and was enhanced at higher irradiance. Furthermore, our calculations suggest that the structural iron requirement for the growth of nitrogen-fixing organisms is much lower than previously calculated. Although iron deficiency could still potentially limit growth of nitrogen-fixing organisms in regions of low iron availability-for example, in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean-our observations suggest that marine nitrogen fixation is not solely regulated by iron supply.     

An extrachromosomal factor causing loss of paternal chromosomes

Extrachromosomal inheritance is ubiquitous among plants and animals; however, most extrachromosomal factors are uniparentally inherited through females, but not through males. Examples include chloroplasts, mitochondria and a variety of intracellular symbionts. The only known exception to maternal extrachromosomal inheritance in an animal is a paternally transmitted sex ratio factor (psr) which causes all-male families in the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. Normally in this wasp, male offspring are haploid and develop from unfertilized eggs whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized eggs. The psr factor is either a venereally transmitted infection which prevents egg fertilization (and therefore causes all-male families), or a factor transmitted to eggs by the sperm of males carrying psr, which somehow prevents incorporation of the paternal chromosomes. Here we report that sperm from psr males fertilizes eggs, but that the paternal chromosomes are subsequently condensed into a chromatin mass before the first mitotic division of the egg and do not participate in further divisions. Resulting haploid offspring are male, but have inherited the paternal factor. This extrachromosomal factor promotes its own transmission at the expense of the paternal chromosomes, and therefore can be considered a 'selfish' genetic element.     

Genetic structure and diversity of Oryza sativa L. in Guizhou, China

Preserving many kinds of rice resources and rich variations, Guizhou Province is one of the districts with the highest genetic diversity of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.） in China. In the current research, genetic diversity and structure of 537 accessions of cultivated rice from Guizhou were studied using 36 microsetellite markers and 39 phenotypic characters. The results showed that the model-based genetic structure was the same as genetic-distance-based one using SSRs but somewhat different from the documented classification （mainly based on phenotype） of two subspecies. The accessions being classified into indica by phenotype but japonica by genetic structure were much more than that being classified into japonica by phenotype but indica by genetic structure. Like Ding Ying＇s taxonomic system of cultivated rice, the subspecific differentiation was the most distinct differentiation within cultivated rice. But the differentiation within indica or japonica population was different： japonica presented clearer differentiation between soil-watery ecotypes than indica, and indica presented clearer differentiation between seasonal ecotypes than japonica. Cultivated rices in Guizhou revealed high genetic diversity at both DNA and phenotypic levels. Possessing the highest genetic diversity and all the necessary conditions as a center of genetic diversity, region Southwestern of Guizhou was suggested as the center of genetic diversity of O. sativa L. from Guizhou.     

Significant overestimation of global aerosol optical thickness by MODIS over land

Global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data over land obtained from the Moderate Resolu-tion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are evaluated through comparisons with AOT data retrieved by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). In general, MODIS overestimates AOT except at a few AERONET sites in Africa and eastern Asia. MODIS/AOTs are, on average, larger than AERONET/AOTs by 0.041 and 0.090 at 470 nm and 660 nm, respectively. The AOT bias at 660 nm is significantly correlated to the surface reflectance at 2130 nm. Both facts suggest that the underestimation of the surface reflectance is the principal reason for this bias at 660 nm. To use the MODIS/AOT at 470 nm is strongly recommended because it is much more reliable than the AOT at 660 nm.     

微波改性对活性炭及其甲醇吸附的影响

分别在600,700和800℃下对活性炭进行微波辐照加热改性.采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅立叶转换红外光谱对活性炭的物化性质进行表征.并且在10℃下以甲醇为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验.研究表明:微波改性后,活性炭的比表面积、总孔容小幅度减小,但微孔比表面积显著增大;随着温度升高,活性炭表面酸性基团大量分解,碱性基团逐渐形成.Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均能较好的描述甲醇在活性炭上的吸附.准二阶动力学方程最适合描述甲醇的动态吸附过程,说明甲醇吸附是一个物理和化学复合的吸附过程,吸附受到活性炭表面官能团的影响.颗粒内扩散模型拟合结果分为3个线性阶段:表面吸附阶段、渐近吸附阶段和吸附平衡阶段.微波改性后活性炭对甲醇的吸附能均增大,吸附能与活性炭表面含氮官能团总量成正比.     

机械工程专业英语教学改革浅谈

该文以培养既有丰富的专业英语基础知识又有较强的专业英语实际应用能力的本科生为教学目标,针对当前教学中存在的教学方式单一、教学内容落后、师资力量难以平衡等问题,提出了提高专业英语教学改革的的方法,通过引入网络资源丰富教学内容,增加科技英语写作的内容提升学生学习专业英语的兴趣和实用性,采用多媒体教学方式活跃课堂氛围。实践表明教学改革的方法行之有效。     

微波辅助合成二苯甲胺

以微波辅助二苯甲酮与甲酰胺无溶剂下合成二苯甲基甲酰胺,收率为85.3%,微波辅助二苯甲基甲酰胺水解得二苯甲胺盐酸盐,用氢氧化钠碱化后得二苯甲胺.合成二苯甲基甲酰胺的最佳反应条件为n二苯甲酮∶n甲酰胺=1∶1.2,反应温度为170℃,反应时间20min;二苯甲基甲酰胺酸性水解的最佳反应条件为n二苯甲基甲酰胺∶n盐酸=1∶4.3,水解温度为85℃,水解时间为12min,收率82.7%,纯度99.5%.用元素分析、红外光谱、液质联用谱和核磁共振对产物的结构进行表征.     

我国“情报学”术语研究文献综述

在情报学名词术语的选词过程中,课题组遇到了其他学科很少见到的问题。本文以＂信息＂＂情报＂＂情报学＂这些基本术语为例,以文献调查的形式进行内容综述,并从学者观点、文献考证、国外情报界、改名历程几个方面分别阐述,以引起关注、达成共识。     

内插新型转子圆管的管内流阻和转子旋转特性

在已有螺旋转子结构的基础上,提出一种改进型转子结构,以便减小内插转子引起的阻力增加。对内插不同结构参数新型转子的管内流动阻力及转子旋转特性的实验结果表明:流速较低时新型转子即可旋转,转子转速与来流速度近似呈线性关系;转子叶片螺旋角对流动阻力及转速影响较大,正反旋向转子相间放置既可解决转子同向布置时沿流体流动方向转子转速逐渐减小的问题,又可使流阻进一步降低。通过合理选择转子结构参数,可使流动阻力比光管的仅增加2.5倍左右,远低于内插原有转子时的阻力增加。