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51.
Shanshan Liu Xin Ma Mengya Yin Hong Zhu Yonghou Zhao Nelson Barnaby Jia Liu Hongxiao Jia 《科学通报(英文版)》2014,59(28):3595-3601
Neuropsychological impairment has long been established as a fundamental characteristic of depression, but a generally accepted, specific pattern of neuropsycho- logical impairment has not been summarized. In this study, we examined the classic neuropsychological paradigm of self-face recognition, to explore whether the self was impaired in major depressive disorder (MDD). Eighteen MDD patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this study. By using a face morphing tech- nique, we measured the size of processing bias in MDD patients during different face discrimination tasks relative to controls. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant main effect of Group (F(1, 36) = 7.388, P = 0.01). Subsequent independent t-tests further revealed that self bias (t = 2.636, P = 0.012) and self-recognition bias(t = 2.190, P = 0.035) observed in self-famous task and self-stranger task respectively for patients were significantly greater than that for controls. Both self-processing and self- recognition were impaired in patients with MDD, indicating that MDD individuals might exist level of self-abnormali- ties. These findings provide a new perspective for further study on the etiological and pathological mechanisms of MDD. 相似文献
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The fine-tuning of circuits in sensory cortex requires sensory experience during an early critical period. Visual deprivation during the critical period has catastrophic effects on visual function, including loss of visual responsiveness to the deprived eye, reduced visual acuity, and loss of tuning to many stimulus characteristics. These changes occur faster than the remodelling of thalamocortical axons, but the intracortical plasticity mechanisms that underlie them are incompletely understood. Long-term depression of excitatory intracortical synapses has been proposed as a general candidate mechanism for the loss of cortical responsiveness after visual deprivation. Alternatively (or in addition), the decreased ability of the deprived eye to activate cortical neurons could be due to enhanced intracortical inhibition. Here we show that visual deprivation leaves excitatory connections in layer 4 (the primary input layer to cortex) unaffected, but markedly potentiates inhibitory feedback between fast-spiking basket cells (FS cells) and star pyramidal neurons (star pyramids). Further, a previously undescribed form of long-term potentiation of inhibition (LTPi) could be induced at synapses from FS cells to star pyramids, and was occluded by previous visual deprivation. These data suggest that potentiation of inhibition is a major cellular mechanism underlying the deprivation-induced degradation of visual function, and that this form of LTPi is important in fine-tuning cortical circuitry in response to visual experience. 相似文献
53.
A variety of mechanisms can theoretically produce competitive coexistence in nature, making it hard to identify a single explanation for the maintenance of diversity in any particular system. Based on laboratory experiments with a consumer-resource system of crustacean Daphnia eating algae, Nelson et al. suggest that maintenance of genetic diversity in the consumer populations they studied depends only on the dynamics of the population structure of the consumer. We suggest that the differences in Daphnia genetic diversity that they find for different experimental treatments could equally be explained by a simple, well known mechanism: the number of coexisting competitors cannot exceed the number of shared resources. Here we confirm this possibility by using a simple mathematical model and suggest that more than one mechanism may account for the maintenance of genetic diversity observed by Nelson et al. in their system. 相似文献
54.
Human genes that limit AIDS 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Discernable genetic variation among people and populations has an important role in infectious disease epidemics, including that of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Genetic association analysis of several large AIDS cohorts implicate 14 AIDS restriction genes, polymorphic variants in loci that regulate HIV-1 cell entry, acquired and innate immunity, and cytokine defenses to HIV-1. The influence and translational impact of these genes on individual and population sensitivity to AIDS is considerable. 相似文献
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Boyd PW Law CS Wong CS Nojiri Y Tsuda A Levasseur M Takeda S Rivkin R Harrison PJ Strzepek R Gower J McKay M Abraham E Arychuk M Barwell-Clarke J Crawford W Crawford D Hale M Harada K Johnson K Kiyosawa H Kudo I Marchetti A Miller W Needoba J Nishioka J Ogawa H Page J Robert M Saito H Sastri A Sherry N Soutar T Sutherland N Taira Y Whitney F Wong SK Yoshimura T 《Nature》2004,428(6982):549-553
Iron supply has a key role in stimulating phytoplankton blooms in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll oceanic waters. However, the fate of the carbon fixed by these blooms, and how efficiently it is exported into the ocean's interior, remains largely unknown. Here we report on the decline and fate of an iron-stimulated diatom bloom in the Gulf of Alaska. The bloom terminated on day 18, following the depletion of iron and then silicic acid, after which mixed-layer particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations declined over six days. Increased particulate silica export via sinking diatoms was recorded in sediment traps at depths between 50 and 125 m from day 21, yet increased POC export was not evident until day 24. Only a small proportion of the mixed-layer POC was intercepted by the traps, with more than half of the mixed-layer POC deficit attributable to bacterial remineralization and mesozooplankton grazing. The depletion of silicic acid and the inefficient transfer of iron-increased POC below the permanent thermocline have major implications both for the biogeochemical interpretation of times of greater iron supply in the geological past, and also for proposed geo-engineering schemes to increase oceanic carbon sequestration. 相似文献
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