How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves

Plants have an innate immunity system to defend themselves against pathogens. With the primary immune system, plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) of potential pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate a basal defense response. Plant pathogens suppress this basal defense response by means of effectors that enable them to cause disease. With the secondary immune system, plants have gained the ability to recognize effector-induced perturbations of host targets through resistance proteins (RPs) that mediate a strong local defense response that stops pathogen growth. Both primary and secondary immune responses in plants depend on germ line-encoded PRRs and RPs. During induction of local immune responses, systemic immune responses also become activated, which predispose plants to become more resistant to subsequent pathogen attacks. This review gives an update on recent findings that have enhanced our understanding of plant innate immunity and the arms race between plants and their pathogens. Received 24 June 2007; received after revision 18 July 2007; accepted 15 August 2007     

科技创业企业成长混沌模型

利用混沌经济学相关理论对科技创业企业的成长过程及规律进行了分析,探讨了创业企业管理层管理能力、内部研发投入增长率及外部市场增长率等控制参数与创业企业投资回报率之间存在的混沌经济规律,从而为创业企业的成长规律研究和过程控制提供了科学依据.     

Attentional negativity bias moderated by positive mood arousal

Automatically allocation of more attention to negative stimuli is called emotional negativity bias. An event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment investigated whether or not this bias was altered by positive mood arousal. The results suggested that the attention bias towards negative stimuli was attenuated when positive information was accessible.     

不同钙质原料对干式振动料性能的影响

采用新型环保复合结合剂和引入无水化钙质材料(石灰石、白云石、消石灰等)作为CaO源原料,研究开发环保型抗水化镁钙质干式料.结果表明, 钙质原料的种类、粒度和数量对干式料性能影响很大.加入部分石灰石颗粒,采用环保型结合剂可制得具有较好物理性能的干式料,其中粒度为3～1mm和1～0mm的石灰石加入量分别为5%和30%时,试样获得了较好的综合性能,是一种理想的CaO源材料.     

Research on catalysis of sodium-metallochlorophylls in Ni/MH battery

The effects of sodium-metallochlorophylls including sodium-iron chlorophyllin, sodium-copper chlorophyllin and sodium-magnesium chlorophyllin on performance of Ni/MH battery were investigated. The results show that sodium-iron chlorophyllin can effectively activate the gases produced during charge in Ni/MH battery, therefore reducing the reduction potential of oxygen and the oxidation potential of hydrogen, and the increased speed of inner pressure of battery is decreased significantly. With the aid of DMol3 software, the activation process of oxygen and hydrogen by sodiummetallochlorophylls was simulated and analyzed. It was found that the catalysis behavior is in agreement with the experimental results, and the activation process also gets a reasonable explanation from the calculated results.     

生态旅游社区从事旅游业者的行为特征研究——以芦芽山自然保护区为例

生态旅游社区从事旅游业不仅是保护自然资源的坚强力量，而且是支持旅游业的主力军，他们是旅游影响的直接主要的承受，本采用问卷调查的方式，对芦芽山自然保护区从事旅游业的行为特征进行了调查，结果表明，社区人们对自然保护的支持率较高，但却认为可以私自利用其资源，他们对于旅游的各种影响反映良好。     

Hydroxyl radical electrochemically generated with water as the complete atom source and its environmental application

The most reactive hydroxyl radical （OH） was generated by electrochemical approach with safe water as the complete atom source. The direct evidence for OH formation was obtained by electron spin resonance method. The powerful OH electrochemically generated could effectively degrade organic pollutants and reduce the toxicity of wastewater. Electrochemical disinfection by OH was considerably efficient even without the aid of active chlorine. Bacteria inactivation of 99.99% was achieved for contact time of 30 min and current density of 5 mA·cm^-2, In comparison with active chlorine, OH is rather attractive as a promising environmentally benign disinfectant and opens a new route for microbial inactivation.