Chronic high-fat diet in fathers programs β-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing across most ages in both sexes. This is contributing to the early emergence of type 2 diabetes and its related epidemic. Having either parent obese is an independent risk factor for childhood obesity. Although the detrimental impacts of diet-induced maternal obesity on adiposity and metabolism in offspring are well established, the extent of any contribution of obese fathers is unclear, particularly the role of non-genetic factors in the causal pathway. Here we show that paternal high-fat-diet (HFD) exposure programs β-cell 'dysfunction' in rat F(1) female offspring. Chronic HFD consumption in Sprague-Dawley fathers induced increased body weight, adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Relative to controls, their female offspring had an early onset of impaired insulin secretion and glucose tolerance that worsened with time, and normal adiposity. Paternal HFD altered the expression of 642 pancreatic islet genes in adult female offspring (P?相似文献   

The subducted component in island arc lavas: constraints from Be isotopes and B-Be systematics

Although high concentrations of beryllium-10 and boron are taken as unequivocal indicators of the contribution of subducting plates, controversy persists about the processes by which material is transferred from slabs to the sources of arc magmas. Data on (10)Be/Be and B/Be ratios from four arcs suggest that the contribution from the slab is compositionally homogeneous in each arc and that subducted boron is not stored in the sub-arc mantle. The link between subduction and magma-tism at convergent margins seems to be well regulated.     

Science policy and politics in post-war Japan: the establishment of the KEK high energy physics laboratory

This paper provides a detailed account of the prehistory of the KEK National Laboratory for High Energy Physics at Tsukuba in Japan. Attempts to establish Japan's first truly national laboratory marked the beginning of ‘big science’ in Japan. An examination of the debate and decision-making processes, which spanned over a decade, provide insight into the political aspects of policy making in the post-war period. History shows that even in Japan, self-interest has taken precedence over group interests in lobbying for research funds for science.     

Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-up

We carried out a genome-wide association study of schizophrenia (479 cases, 2,937 controls) and tested loci with P < 10(-5) in up to 16,726 additional subjects. Of 12 loci followed up, 3 had strong independent support (P < 5 x 10(-4)), and the overall pattern of replication was unlikely to occur by chance (P = 9 x 10(-8)). Meta-analysis provided strongest evidence for association around ZNF804A (P = 1.61 x 10(-7)) and this strengthened when the affected phenotype included bipolar disorder (P = 9.96 x 10(-9)).     

Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder

To identify susceptibility loci for bipolar disorder, we tested 1.8 million variants in 4,387 cases and 6,209 controls and identified a region of strong association (rs10994336, P = 9.1 x 10(-9)) in ANK3 (ankyrin G). We also found further support for the previously reported CACNA1C (alpha 1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel; combined P = 7.0 x 10(-8), rs1006737). Our results suggest that ion channelopathies may be involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.     

Sap flow response of Eucaylyptus （Eucalyptus urophyila） to environmental stress in South China

Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap flux density (SFD) of Eucalyptus was closely related to daily atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R2 = 0.76, P = 0.01 at Hetou and R2 = 0.7021, P = 0.01 at Jijia) at both sites. No significant relationship existed between daily SFD and mean daily air temperature at both sites. Daily SFD varied with wind speed Y = -17585X3 + 15147X2 - 1250.7X + 2278.4 (R2 = 0.68; P = 0.01) at Hetou and Y = -101.67X3 - 1.65X2 - 376.4X + 1914.8 (R2 = 0.40, P = 0.05) at Jijia, where Y was daily SFD, X was daily wind speed. Experimental observations yielded the following data: (1) the critical lower and upper daily VPD threshold were 0 and 2 kPa, within which daily SFD varied from 540+/-70 L/(m2.d) to 4739+/-115 L/(m2.d) at Hetou site, from 397+/-26 L/(m2.d) to 3414+/-191 L/(m2.d) at Jijia site; (2) Diurnal SFDs at Hetou site were much higher under low relative humidity (< 30%) and slightly lower under high relative humidity (> 80%) compared with those at the Jijia site; (3) The upper and lower threshold of daily and diurnal RAD for the optimal water use of E. urophylla plantations were 18+/-2.7 and 2+/-1 MJ/(m2.d), 669 and 0 J/(cm2.h) during the observation period.     

Glutamate-receptor-mediated encoding and retrieval of paired-associate learning

Paired-associate learning is often used to examine episodic memory in humans. Animal models include the recall of food-cache locations by scrub jays and sequential memory. Here we report a model in which rats encode, during successive sample trials, two paired associates (flavours of food and their spatial locations) and display better-than-chance recall of one item when cued by the other. In a first study, pairings of a particular foodstuff and its location were never repeated, so ensuring unique 'what-where' attributes. Blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the hippocampus--crucial for the induction of certain forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity--impaired memory encoding but had no effect on recall. Inactivating hippocampal neural activity by blocking alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors impaired both encoding and recall. In a second study, two paired associates were trained repeatedly over 8 weeks in new pairs, but blocking of hippocampal AMPA receptors did not affect their recall. Thus we conclude that unique what-where paired associates depend on encoding and retrieval within a hippocampal memory space, with consolidation of the memory traces representing repeated paired associates in circuits elsewhere.     

Data Filtering and Statistical Process Modeling

AnewfilteringmethodwhichextendstheSureShrinkalgorithmispresentedinthispaper.Sincethedatafromplantsalwayscontainsomepeaknoise,thenormaldenoisealgorithmssuchasSureShrinkcannotalwaysachievegoodresults.WiththePeakCutalgorithm,thepeaknoisecanbesignificantlyeliminatedandgoodsmoothingcanbeobtainedusingtheSureShrinkalgorithm.InthispaperaProjectiontoLatentStructures(PLS)modelisestablishedaftertheprocessdataarefirstfilteredusingthePeakCutandSureShrinkalgorithms.DistributedControlSystems(DCS)an…