Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Role of locust <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria manilensis</Emphasis> claws and pads in attaching to substrates

The present study attempts to investigate the role of rigid claws and smooth adhesive pads in the locust Locusta migratoria manilensis,when attaching to various substrates.We measured the attachment forces on sandpaper and silicate glass plate of locusts with intact attachment system,and those with either the pretarsal claws or the tarsal pads having been entirely destroyed,to explore the role of pads and claws when a locust is walking on various substrates.To obtain information about morphological characteristics and material properties of the claws,we examined the intact and fractured claws by scanning electron microscopy,and tested the fractural force in a fracture experiment.We proposed a mechanical model for locust climbing on a slanting surface to analyze the conduction and final result of the attachment forces generated by the attachment organs on the fore-,mid-and hindlegs.Attachment forces generated by locusts with destroyed pads were similar to those generated by locusts with intact attachment system on both substrates,which presumably indicated that the claws have a significantly important role when attaching to various substrates.The result of the fracture experiment demonstrated that the claws are made of relatively stiff material,and their shear strength ranged between 39-45 MPa.Mechanical analysis of locust climbing on slanting surface showed that the force generated by the hindlegs suspended the whole body of locust up from the surface and pushed the body forward,while the midlegs steadily suspended the centre of gravity and the forelegs pulled the suspended body forward.The results obtained contribute to the further interpretation of the interaction mechanisms between insect attachment system and substrates,and supply information for designing and manufacturing slippery plates for trapping plague locusts.     

Universalities of earthquake-network characteristics

The scale-free and small-world properties are studied in detail for the complex earthquake networks constructed from the seismic data sets taken from California (USA), Japan, Iran and Chile. It is found that, in all these geographical regions, both the exponent / of the power-law connectivity distribution and the clustering coefficient C take the universal invariant values /≈1 and C≈0.85, respectively, as the cell size, which is the scale of coarse graining needed for construction of network, becomes larger than a certain value. A possible physical interpretation is given to the emergence of such remarkable invariance.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

云黄连不同部位生物量及生物碱含量个体差异初探

以道地产区3个不同居群云黄连为研究材料,对不同单株不同部位(根茎、须根、叶)生物量及主要生物碱(小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀)含量进行比较分析.结果表明:3个不同居群单株生物量及生物碱含量均存在较大个体差异,其中,单株根茎最稳定,叶次之,须根个体差异最大;作为非传统用药部位的叶和须根中的主要生物碱总量约占整株中将近1/3,可...     

高清晰度电视系统三维色域研究

根据相加混色原理,建立了常规色域的三维数学模型,在CIE1976LUV三维色度系统与Pointer物体真实表面色色域作了色度学比较.结果表明,常规HDTV传输系统之所以不能传输或重显全部Pointer色域,并不单纯因为色域范围小,两个色域涵盖的颜色范围有差别也是重要原因.这对需要从三维和颜色覆盖范围方面研究色域问题具有...     

光化学沉积Ag纳米颗粒改性二氧化钛纳米管阵列的光催化及光电响应能力研究

利用电化学阳极氧化法制备出了高度致密,有序的二氧化钛纳米管阵列(TiNT).通过光化学沉积方法在二氧化钛纳米管表面沉积了Ag金属颗粒,并用SEM进行了表征,Ag颗粒的半径在100~500 nm之间.通过对光化学沉积后的TiNT样品进行光电响应和光催化降解测试发现:紫外光照射下改性样品的光电响应能力和光催化降解能力都有不同程度的提高,但在可见光下仍不具备光电响应能力和催化降解能力.     

超精密气浮工件台误差建模

为了研究多种作用因素在高加速、大行程条件下对超精密微动台静态精度的影响,利用刚体运动学,通过综合工件台中的线性位置误差与角位置误差,建立了超精密气浮工件台的静态误差解析模型。利用该模型,结合有限元等方法定量分析了超精密气浮工件台中加速度、制造误差、结构柔性及气浮轴承刚度等普遍存在的误差因素同时作用时对系统最终精度的影响。通过分析,证明在高加速、大行程条件下,气浮轴承的角刚度不足是造成静态误差的主要因素。     

室内信道中多极化MIMO系统的容量

针对室内多径信道,提出一种研究系统信道容量的方法,利用结合信道特征设计的三维多极化测量系统测量信道中多径入射信号的三维空间分布,代入天线方向图与入射信号进行空间积分计算出系统容量。利用该方法和系统对典型室内环境进行了测量,研究了真实的三极化天线组成的MIMO(multiple-input-multiple-output)系统的容量和摆放方向对多极化天线系统容量的影响。结果表明:三极化系统具有比单极化系统更优越的性能,可以利用该特性对室内环境中多极化MIMO系统的设计和布局进行优化以实现更高的系统容量。     

甘肃省近年生态足迹计算与分析

以甘肃省近年的统计数据为基础,应用定量评价可持续发展程度的新方法--生态足迹的方法计算和分析了近年甘肃省生态足迹.结果表明:2007年甘肃省人均生态足迹为2.19305hm2,对甘肃省近年生态足迹研究表明,人均生态足迹出现了增长趋势,说明甘肃省最近人类负荷逐渐增大,社会与自然生态系统处于不可持续发展状态.最后提出了缓解...