含氮螯合树脂的合成及性能研究

首次以三乙二醇为起始剂,以二乙烯三胺(DETA)为交联剂合成含氮螯合树脂.考察了温度对树脂吸附性能的影响及树脂的等温吸附过程,在实验研究的浓度范围内,树脂对镍离子的吸附可用Freundlish等温方程来描述.根据Arrhenius经验公式求得平均表观活化能Ea=15.13 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=0.102.通过红外光谱分析研究树脂的螯合机理.     

鸻形目鸟类对南汇滨海滩涂的生境选择

海岸带湿地是迁徙鸻形目鸟类的重要栖息地,为了解迁徙鸻形目鸟类对围垦堤外滩涂湿地的利用状况以及对该鸟类的保育策略,2010年春季(3~5月)与秋季(9~11月),在围堤外由北向南依次分布的生境特征(包括高程、滩宽、光滩宽、植被面积和人为干扰等)差异显著的4个(A、B、C、D)典型样方内,对鸻形目鸟类群落进行了调查,并对鸟类栖息地选择模式进行了分析.调查中共统计到鸟类28种,春季的优势种为环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)、中杓鹬(Numenius phaeopus)、蒙古沙鸻(Charadrius mongolus),占总体数量的39.56%;稀有种为黑尾塍鹬(Limosa limosa)、矶鹬(Actitis hypoleucos)、灰尾漂鹬(Heteroscelus brevipes)、三趾滨鹬(Calidris alba).秋季的优势种为环颈鸻、黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpine)、青脚鹬(Tringa nebularia),占总体数量的66.98%;稀有种为红颈瓣蹼鹬(Phalaropus lobatus)、灰斑鸻(Pluvialis squatarola)、白腰杓鹬(Num...     

灌浆工艺对土层预应力锚杆承载力的影响

灌浆工艺是影响土层预应力锚杆承载力的一个重要因素。通过对高压灌浆浆液扩散过程及灌浆结石体强度增长机理的分析研究，并结合现场土层预应力锚杆试验，认识到高压灌浆工艺能从根本上改良土体的物理化学性质，从而在灌浆范围内产生一种新的介质，达到显著提高土层预应力锚杆承载能力的目的。     

扫描仪在棉纤维颜色检测的适用性

根据颜色光学理论,建立了现有棉纤维颜色分级指标(反射率R d和黄色深度+b)的换算方程。使用扫描仪获取12种棉纤维的颜色信息,分析了扫描仪明度对测色的影响,对比了扫描仪与HVI(high volume instrument)系统测试的R d、+b值。结果表明,两者测得的R d值具有高度一致性,+b值也存在较高的线性正相关性。在棉纤维颜色分级的Hunter色空间中,多种棉纤维的颜色分级指标a值(红绿色)存在明显差异,表明该颜色分级指标不容忽略。因此,可通过数码测色技术测试R d、a和+b指标以对棉纤维的颜色进行科学、准确、低成本的测试评价。     

体育活动对儿童执行功能作用研究：理论、效益与测量

执行功能对于儿童身心发展具有核心作用,对采用体育活动方法改善儿童执行功能发展进行研究,为更加科学地促进儿童发展提供理论和实践基础;通过文献资料法和专家访谈法,梳理了理论和实验研究的发展过程——短时与长时体育干预下的儿童执行功能发展。结果显示:执行功能三因素理论已经获得共识;短期和长期的体育活动都能够给儿童执行功能带来积极作用,其中,中等强度的体育活动被认为能够带来更显著的效益,体育促进执行功能与人生发展整合模型较为全面地体现了体育、执行功能和个人发展三者之间的直接、中介和调节关系。     

湿热地区教室内的热舒适测试与分析

目前人们对室内热舒适度的研究更多集中在一些高档居住建筑和办公建筑上,忽略了大量存在的高校教室内热舒适度,尤其是湿热地区教室内的热环境,只有改善了教室内的热舒适度,才能保证学生的身心健康和学习效率.通过实验设备测试和问卷调查相结合的方法,对深圳某高校教室室内外温度、湿度进行了测试,对教室内南北两大区域学生进行问卷调查.通过实验数据和问卷计算与分析,得到室内外温湿度之间的关系变化,和南北同学对热感的不同灵敏性.     

Macrophage skewing by Phd2 haplodeficiency prevents ischaemia by inducing arteriogenesis

PHD2 serves as an oxygen sensor that rescues blood supply by regulating vessel formation and shape in case of oxygen shortage. However, it is unknown whether PHD2 can influence arteriogenesis. Here we studied the role of PHD2 in collateral artery growth by using hindlimb ischaemia as a model, a process that compensates for the lack of blood flow in case of major arterial occlusion. We show that Phd2 (also known as Egln1) haplodeficient (Phd2(+/-)) mice displayed preformed collateral arteries that preserved limb perfusion and prevented tissue necrosis in ischaemia. Improved arteriogenesis in Phd2(+/-) mice was due to an expansion of tissue-resident, M2-like macrophages and their increased release of arteriogenic factors, leading to enhanced smooth muscle cell (SMC) recruitment and growth. Both chronic and acute deletion of one Phd2 allele in macrophages was sufficient to skew their polarization towards a pro-arteriogenic phenotype. Mechanistically, collateral vessel preconditioning relied on the activation of canonical NF-κB pathway in Phd2(+/-) macrophages. These results unravel how PHD2 regulates arteriogenesis and artery homeostasis by controlling a specific differentiation state in macrophages and suggest new treatment options for ischaemic disorders.     

A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals

The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering ～4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for ～60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.     

浅水三角洲分流河道砂体内部结构及其对气水分布的影响——以四川盆地中江气田沙溪庙组为例

研究四川盆地中江气田中侏罗统沙溪庙组河道砂体内部结构特征及其对气水分布的影响.在现代沉积、野外露头、岩心、测井、地震资料和生产测试资料的基础上,开展了浅水三角洲分流河道砂体内部结构特征研究,建立了相应的构型模式,分析了不同河道构型模式下的气水分布特征.结果表明:沙溪庙组为曲流河入湖的河控浅水三角洲平原—前缘沉积,发育曲...     

Effects of prairie dog rodenticides on deer mice in western South Dakota

Mortality of nontarget small mammals was determined after application of three black-tailed prairie dog ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) rodenticide treatments (prebaited zinc phosphide, prebaited strychnine, and strychnine alone) in western South Dakota. Immediate (September 1983) and long-term (September 1983 through August 1984) impacts on deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) relative densities were evaluated and the three rodenticide treatments were compared for efficacy. The three treatments had no significant (α < .10) immediate impacts on deer mouse relative densities, although zinc phosphide did lower them; that impact was not, however, long term. Long-term impacts of the two strychnine treatments were variable, with an increase in deer mouse densities with the strychnine only treatment. Overall, comparisons among the three treatments indicated that zinc phosphide was more effective than either strychnine treatment in reducing deer mouse densities.