汉语成语套译中的制约因素——《汉英综合大辞典》中的几处成语译文解析

套译法是词典成语翻译常用的方法之一,然而汉语中真正能用英语成语来套译的成语不多。通过分析《汉英综合大辞典》中的成语套译例子,成语套译的制约因素和相应对策,认为成语翻译中要特别注意语义相关性、语义范围、情感意义和民族文化色彩等诸多制约因素。     

建立吸附动力学方程的"多化一"方法

建立吸附动力学方程的关键是求出吸附动力学方程(如Elovich方程qt=A B lnt)中的参数A和B.该文提供了一种建立吸附动力学方程的新的"多化一"方法,即用作图软件GRAPHER对不同浓度时的数据进行拟合,求出各浓度时的吸附动力学方程中的参数A1,A2,A3,A4和B1,B2,B3,B4;再分别用这两组数据对浓度作图,求出用浓度表示的A和B,代入所选取的吸附动力学方程中即得最终所要建立的吸附动力学方程.以某放射性废物处置预选场址土壤对锶的吸附动力学方程的建立为例,与常用的最小二乘法比较可见,该方法更简单易行,准确度也较高.     

苏通大桥基础工程的挑战与创新

介绍了苏通大桥超大深水群桩基础利用工程钢护筒搭设施工平台、５０００t承台钢吊箱整体同步沉放 及其与防船撞结构相结合构成永久防船撞设施、永久冲刷防护等三项技术创新;提出了特大型桥梁基础工程经 济合理的设计方案和安全可靠的施工法;阐明了理念创新和技术集成对大型复杂工程建设的重要性。     

论食品安全学的理论基础与技术体系

食品安全学（foodsafetiology）是研究食物对人体健康危害的风险和保障食物无危害风险的学问,是食 品科学的一个分支,也是近３０年来发展起来的一门新兴学科。讨论、交流和理解食品安全学的理论基础与技术 体系将有助于促进食品安全学的科学研究、学科建设和人才培养,有助于加强国家食品安全管理和监管能力建 设。在研究大量有关国际组织文件、学术报告、会议文集,以及作者亲自考察、学术研究、自身理解的基础上, 提出了食品安全学的概念,归纳了食品安全学的理论基础和技术体系,探讨了食品安全学的学科构架。     

MB（A2/O）工艺的好氧、缺氧摄磷及微生物特性

为开发高效除磷脱氮技术,研制了将MBR与A２桙O工艺有机集成的新型MB（A２/O）组合工艺。研究 了MB（A２/O）工艺处理城市污水的好氧、缺氧摄磷性能及微生物特性,并分析了其机理。结果表明：在 MB（A２/O）系统中,聚磷菌约占活性污泥总量的２０％～４０％,其中大量存在能够利用NOX－N作为电子受体 进行反硝化除磷的DPB,约占聚磷菌数量的３５畅６６％～６７畅８３％。好氧摄磷的平均速率为２畅３０mgP·gMLSS－１· h－１,最大摄磷速率为５.４４mgP·gMLSS－１·h－１;缺氧摄磷的平均速率为１     

基于GPU加速及改进谱FDTD方法的周期性结构分析

为解决作为分析周期性结构的时域数值算法本身在计算单角度入射时依然存在效率偏低的这一问题,提出了一种改进的谱FDTD方法,并运用图形处理器(GPU)对算法进行硬件加速.改进的算法在保证单频点运算结果精确的前提下,通过降低单次运算对运算结果频谱分辨率的要求以降低总体的运算时间.算例验证表明,在保证同等精度的前提下,改进后的算法将单角度斜入射问题的计算效率提高了1倍以上,并在此基础上通过GPU硬件加速成功实现了20倍以上的加速比,这证明了GPU加速的改进谱FDTD法的可行性与高效性.     

信息熵的理解与验证

笔者在对信息熵原出处含义进行解读和对热力学熵原理进行理解的基础上,修正了信息量无限增加的理论解释.通过对计算机数据库中数据检索速度的测试,推导出速度公式,计算出每比特信息熵所需要的能量,发现实际数值与理论数值存在较大差异,得出布里渊的信息熵能量是信源与信道表面之间的熵变而非信源本身的熵变.     

Erratum to: <Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> induction of mouse meningeal-derived iPS cells into neural-like cells

The authors report that incorrect figures were included as Figures 4 and 5 in the original publication of this paper. This error occurred during the figure editing process of the publishing company. This information should have been presented as follows:     

Serine/threonine protein phosphatases in DNA damage response

DNA damage response (DDR) is among the most important of the mechanisms that maintain genome stability which, when destabilized, predisposes organs to cancer. Reversible phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases regulates most, if not all, cellular activities, including DDR. Protein kinase inhibitors have become the main focus of targeted therapy and anticancer drug development. However, our limited knowledge of protein phosphatase function is compromising our capacity to develop therapeutic agents against phosphatases. In this review, we summarize the roles of serine/threonine protein phosphatases involved in DDR and propose that in situ dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins by protein phosphatases, instead of proteasome-mediated degradation of phosphoproteins, is mainly employed by cells.     

Aero-optical wavefront measurement technique based on BOS and its applications

A collimated light beam will be refracted if it propagates through a flow-field with index-of-refraction variations,and its wavefront will be distorted.If we measure the deflection angle of the light beam,the gradient of the wavefront can be obtained using the Malus law,and the wavefront aberration can be computed with a reconstruction algorithm.Two characteristics of background oriented schlieren(BOS) are conducive to wavefront aberration measurement:BOS can be used to measure the deflection angle of a light beam by measuring the displacement field between the reference image and the experiment image.Moreover,in a BOS system of Schlieren mode,only the ray perpendicular to the background image can be captured with a camera.This is helpful to measure wavefront aberrations that occur after a planar wavefront has passed through the flow-field.Based on these characteristics of BOS of Schlieren mode,a new wavefront measurement technique,which is called the BOS-based wavefront technique(BOS-WT),is proposed in this paper.It works by constructing the relationship between the displacement of the background image and the aero-optical wavefront gradient and uses the Southwell wavefront reconstruction algorithm.A BOS-WT system was assembled,and its temporal resolution was found to be 6 ns,and its temporal-correlation resolution reached 0.2 μs.A BOS-WT can measure the time-correlation transient wavefront quantitatively.It is simple and easy to operate.In this paper,we also present a study of the aero-optical performance of supersonic mixing layer based on our BOS-WT transient wavefronts at an interval of 5 μs.The results showed the wavefront was transient and distorted after it had passed through the mixing layer.Through the analysis of the data at the 5 μs interval,the temporal evolution of wavefront can be obtained.