基于二层分解技术和改进极限学习机模型的PM_(2.5)浓度预测研究

准确的PM_(2.5)浓度预测对于保护公众健康和提高空气质量有重要意义,然而,由于PM_(2.5)浓度序列的随机性、非线性以及非平稳性等特征增加了对其准确预测的难度.本文提出了一种基于二层分解技术和改进极限学习机(ELM)模型的PM_(2.5)浓度预测方法,该方法融合了快速集成经验模态分解(FEEMD)和变分模态分解(VMD)两种分解技术以及经过差分演化(DE)算法优化的ELM模型.为了验证所提出预测方法的有效性,本文使用该方法对北京市和石家庄市的PM2.5浓度序列进行了预测研究.结果表明:1)相比于单层分解技术,本文提出的二层分解技术可以更加有效地降低PM2.5浓度序列的非线性及非平稳性特征;2)基于二层分解技术的DE-ELM预测模型可以显著提高PM_(2.5)浓度的预测精度.     

基于弹性应变能的MohrCoulomb强度准则讨论

从弹性应变能释放是材料屈服的基本原理来看,MohrCoulomb(M-C)强度准则认为屈服时材料的泊松比恒为0.5,这可能违反能量守恒定律.研究了弹性应变能、应力偏量第二不变量、应力张量第二不变量及泊松比之间的关系,提出广义应力偏量第二不变量概念;从弹性应变能角度对M-C强度准则的物理意义进行分析,提出广义M-C强度准则;利用强度准则对岩石的破坏强度进行了计算.结果表明,由于考虑了中间主应力与泊松比的影响,广义M-C强度准则的计算精度更高,并分析了产生这种结果的内在机理.广义M-C强度准则突破了材料破坏时的泊松比恒为0.5的假设,这对于定量描述材料的屈服与破坏特性具有重要的意义.     

学龄前和学龄期儿童希氏束以上心动过速性心肌病高危因素分析

目的探讨学龄前和学龄期儿童希氏束以上的心动过速(室上性心动过速)与心动过速性心肌病的相关性及高危因素.方法选取室上性心动过速患儿179例,根据心动过速时心功能状态分为心肌病组23例,非心肌病组156例.分析患儿性别、年龄、发作类型、发作频率、持续时间、心室率与心功能损伤的关系和相关高危因素.结果 179例患儿中心动过速性心肌病23例,其中房室折返性、房室结折返性、无明确分类的心肌病分别为7例、10例、6例.房速所致心动过速性心肌病发生率为25.00%(8/32),明显高于阵发性室上性心动过速所致的心肌病发生率10.20%(15/147),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).心肌病组患儿中房速所占比例、发作持续时间明显高于非心肌病组患儿,发作频率明显低于非心肌病组患儿,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).二元Logistic回归分析显示:发作持续时间是心动过速性心肌病的独立影响因素.结论学龄前和学龄期儿童室上性心动过速所致心动过速性心肌病的发生率为12.85%,其中房速所致的心肌病发生率明显高于阵发性室上性心动过速,发作持续时间是唯一高危因素.     

Preparation and performance of a cold gas dynamic sprayed high-aluminum bronze coating

By mixing preheated high-aluminum bronze powders with different amounts of Al₂O₃ powder, a low-pressure cold-sprayed coating was prepared and sprayed onto a Cr12MoV steel substrate. The hardness of the coating and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate were tested with a HV-1000 microhardness tester and a mechanical universal testing machine. The surface microstructure, cross-section and tensile fracture surface of the coating were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Correspondingly, the influences of the preheat treatment temperature of the bronze powder and the Al₂O₃ content on the coating performance were investigated. The results indicate that the hardness of bronze powders decreased and the coating deposition rate increased after the preheating treatment of the bronze powder. The Al₂O₃ content in the mixed powders contributed to the deformation of bronze powders during the spraying process. This trend resulted in varied performance of the coating.     

竖向偏心荷载作用下吸力桶荷载-变形特性非共轴本构数值分析

在竖向偏心荷载作用下建立吸力式桶形基础数值分析模型,采用砂土非共轴弹塑性本构模型研究土体主应力方向旋转和非共轴角度的变化规律,探讨非共轴特性对吸力桶力学特性的影响.主要研究结论表明:在地基变形过程中,非共轴角度呈现先增大后减小的发展趋势.随着偏心距的增加,等效塑性应变在地基中的分布范围逐渐减小,非共轴特性也将减弱,非共轴特性对荷载-变形特性的影响逐渐减弱.对于桶壁端部阻力和桶壁外侧摩擦阻力,非共轴特性的影响随着偏心距的增加而减弱.对于桶体顶部阻力和桶壁内侧摩擦阻力,非共轴特性的影响随着偏心距的增加而逐渐显著.     

延期时间对高台阶抛掷爆破效果的影响

为了研究高台阶抛掷爆破合理的延期时间,基于相似材料模型试验,运用有限元软件ANSYS模拟不同排间毫秒延期的抛掷爆破模型.试验和计算结果表明:从增加最远抛距和减少大块率的角度出发,当排间毫秒延期时间小于或等于2 ms时,后排孔爆炸的一部分能量用来给第1排孔爆破的碎块做功,第1排孔碎块的抛距增加,且第1排炮孔的大块率也减少;从有利于改善单元在x、y、z三个方向的应力叠加效果来看,第2排炮孔的延期时间宜定于1.27~2.04 ms之间.由于确定模型尺寸和原型尺寸的几何相似比1:50,故推荐矿山高台阶抛掷爆破的排间延期时间为63.5~102.0 ms.      

基于二进制熵的加解密函数定位方法

针对二进制程序模糊测试中加解密函数定位准确率低的问题,提出一种基于二进制熵的加解密函数定位方法.该方法对二进制程序的控制流信息进行模型构建以定位程序关键代码,提取关键代码前后的数据流并计算其二进制熵,通过前后二进制熵的关系确定被测代码中是否存在加解密函数.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效发现程序中的加解密函数,准确率大于99%;该方法可以用于提高模糊测试发现漏洞的能力,具有一定的实用价值.      

钴掺杂对二氧化钛晶粒尺寸及相变的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了纯Ti O_2与不同Co浓度掺杂的Ti O_2纳米粉体,并对样品进行了450、550、650℃保温2 h的热处理.采用X射线衍射仪对制得的纳米粉体进行了晶体结构表征,研究了热处理温度以及Co掺杂浓度对Ti O_2晶粒尺寸以及锐钛矿金红石相变的影响.结果表明:纯Ti O_2与Co-Ti O_2在450℃时为单一的锐钛矿;550℃时,纯Ti O_2有微量金红石生成,Co-Ti O_2仍然全部为锐钛矿;650℃时纯Ti O_2大部分转变为金红石,当Co掺杂量较低时,Co能促进锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,而当掺杂浓度为8%时,Co抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;热处理温度升高以及Co掺杂浓度增加有利于Co Ti O_3相的生成,相同温度下,Co掺杂后Ti O_2晶粒尺寸减小.     

半监督学习中非标记数据的利用

同时利用半监督学习中的标记数据与非标记数据,可以提高机器学习的能力.为了利用非标记数据,我们将非标记数据所在的样本空间映射到标记样本空间.讨论如何利用非标记数据构造学习算法,并证明所构造算法的收敛性.     

Experimental validation of inter-subspecific genetic diversity in rice represented by the differences between the DNA sequences of ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘93-11’

The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, '93-11' is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of 'Guang lu ai 4' appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers (46 InDels and 53 SSRs) polymorphic between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng's index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng's index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as '93-11' and 'Nipponbare', respectively. Some polymorphic loci between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.