引射式压力恢复系统的振动抑制技术

为了提高引射式压力恢复系统振动抑制性能,减小本系统振动对其他系统的影响,分析了系统的振动特性和振型,建立了系统振动力和主振型数学模型,利用时域信号取均方根方法测试了系统3个支座动态振动力,振动力沿气流方向逐渐减小。采用被动控制振动抑制技术,根据振动力设计制作了减振器,研究了橡胶块与金属弹簧并联再加配重以及橡胶块加配重2种减振器模型的减振效果。结果表明:橡胶块与金属弹簧并联、加配重45.2kg的减振器模型减振效果好,当控制点输入加速度为5 g时,减振效果最佳。激励强度大小、弹簧刚度和阻尼等参数的优化能够提高减振器的减振性能。     

Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses

The innate immune system senses viral infection by recognizing a variety of viral components (including double-stranded (ds)RNA) and triggers antiviral responses. The cytoplasmic helicase proteins RIG-I (retinoic-acid-inducible protein I, also known as Ddx58) and MDA5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or Helicard) have been implicated in viral dsRNA recognition. In vitro studies suggest that both RIG-I and MDA5 detect RNA viruses and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a synthetic dsRNA analogue. Although a critical role for RIG-I in the recognition of several RNA viruses has been clarified, the functional role of MDA5 and the relationship between these dsRNA detectors in vivo are yet to be determined. Here we use mice deficient in MDA5 (MDA5-/-) to show that MDA5 and RIG-I recognize different types of dsRNAs: MDA5 recognizes poly(I:C), and RIG-I detects in vitro transcribed dsRNAs. RNA viruses are also differentially recognized by RIG-I and MDA5. We find that RIG-I is essential for the production of interferons in response to RNA viruses including paramyxoviruses, influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, whereas MDA5 is critical for picornavirus detection. Furthermore, RIG-I-/- and MDA5-/- mice are highly susceptible to infection with these respective RNA viruses compared to control mice. Together, our data show that RIG-I and MDA5 distinguish different RNA viruses and are critical for host antiviral responses.     

Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15

Here we present a finished sequence of human chromosome 15, together with a high-quality gene catalogue. As chromosome 15 is one of seven human chromosomes with a high rate of segmental duplication, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the duplication structure of the chromosome. Segmental duplications in chromosome 15 are largely clustered in two regions, on proximal and distal 15q; the proximal region is notable because recombination among the segmental duplications can result in deletions causing Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Sequence analysis shows that the proximal and distal regions of 15q share extensive ancient similarity. Using a simple approach, we have been able to reconstruct many of the events by which the current duplication structure arose. We find that most of the intrachromosomal duplications seem to share a common ancestry. Finally, we demonstrate that some remaining gaps in the genome sequence are probably due to structural polymorphisms between haplotypes; this may explain a significant fraction of the gaps remaining in the human genome.     

汽轮发电机组振动故障诊断的模糊输入方法

针对汽轮发电机组振动故障的特点,构造了一模糊神经网络（ＦＮＮ）诊断模型,讨论了网络的多种模糊化输入,输出方式,并对两种模糊输入方法进行了对比分析。最后运用该诊断方法与传统的ＢＰ网络诊断方法进行比较。结果表明：模糊神经网络诊断方法对汽轮发电机组振动故障的识别是有效的,且在分类模糊边界数据时优于ＢＰ网络诊断方法。     

C-RAN架构下一种基于分形定理的载波迁移预测算法

作为C-RAN关键技术之一的实时虚拟化技术要求实现硬件处理资源的虚拟化管理,实现物理资源的动态分配和负载均衡,保证虚拟基站的实时性,处理时延和抖动可控。为提高物理资源的动态分配和负载均衡的效率,在传统虚拟机迁移策略基础上结合分形理论,提出一种动态载波迁移预测算法,避免了因瞬时负载峰值触发载波迁移而带来不必要的迁移开销。该算法通过对物理资源负载离散历史数据进行分形拼贴拟合出完整负载曲线,然后根据分形维度不变性实现对未来数据的预测。为实现对该算法的仿真,结合C-RAN的系统架构搭建了一个基于并行离散事件仿真(parallel discrete event simulation PDES)的验证平台,仿真结果表明该算法能在有效减少虚拟基站迁移次数的同时确保达到负载均衡的目的。     

时变OFDM稀疏信道估计中最优导频选择

针对时变OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的频率选择性衰落信道估计,为了提高其估计精度,结合最优导频选择方式,给出一种自适应求最优导频方法。通过闭环反馈信道稀疏度变化的方式,实时的求取最优导频进行信道估计,并与周期性求最优导频方法进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,自适应方法具有更低的信道估计均方误差,与随机方式相比,性能增益平均提高了11 dB,比周期性方法,平均提高了4 dB,且自适应方法误差曲线更平滑。     

基于Matlab的双足机器人动力学仿真及仿生控制平台

针对仿生控制的特点,构建了一种Matlab环境下的双足机器人动力学仿真及仿生控制平台。为了充分利用关节自身的被动特性,描述了由非外界约束引起的自由度变化,以及双足机器人在运动相态间的合理切换。同时,考虑到碰撞是机器人运动的固有特性,建立了包括碰撞在内的混合动力学模型,最终实现控制器与机器人、环境的耦合。在此平台上,对设计的仿生控制算法进行了仿真：借助机器人自身运动状态和环境交互信息,协调各个关节的动作时序,实现了低能耗的稳定行走。结果表明,该平台为双足机器人仿生控制及其运动特性分析提供了有效的仿真手段。     

基于浓缩数据立方的内存实化数据立方的构建

为提高联机分析查询的速度,在浓缩数据立方的基础上,构建了元组级别的内存实化方法.以内存空间至少能容纳最细粒度数据小方为前提,在内存中构造两级Hash结构:第一级Hash结构存放最细粒度的数据小方以保证所有查询都可从内存中响应;第二级Hash结构按照聚集度高的小方元组优先、相同聚集度情况下尺寸小的小方中元组优先的选择策略,选择立方元组在内存实化.处理点查询时,首先从第二级结构中直接查找满足条件的立方元组.若对范围查询,则需从第一级结构中计算获得.由于最细粒度立方元组和其他一些粗粒度元组都在内存中,避免了费时的外存存取,数据立方更新和维护代价也得以降低.     

Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre

The cores of most galaxies are thought to harbour supermassive black holes, which power galactic nuclei by converting the gravitational energy of accreting matter into radiation. Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the compact source of radio, infrared and X-ray emission at the centre of the Milky Way, is the closest example of this phenomenon, with an estimated black hole mass that is 4,000,000 times that of the Sun. A long-standing astronomical goal is to resolve structures in the innermost accretion flow surrounding Sgr A*, where strong gravitational fields will distort the appearance of radiation emitted near the black hole. Radio observations at wavelengths of 3.5 mm and 7 mm have detected intrinsic structure in Sgr A*, but the spatial resolution of observations at these wavelengths is limited by interstellar scattering. Here we report observations at a wavelength of 1.3 mm that set a size of 37(+16)(-10) microarcseconds on the intrinsic diameter of Sgr A*. This is less than the expected apparent size of the event horizon of the presumed black hole, suggesting that the bulk of Sgr A* emission may not be centred on the black hole, but arises in the surrounding accretion flow.     

建筑用铝合金的疲劳性能试验

作为一种建筑金属材料,铝合金对应力集中和裂纹比较敏感。经过固熔热处理、人工时效、挤压成型等处理后,铝合金构件的疲劳强度相对较低,抗疲劳能力差。为研究6061-T 6和6005-T 5两种典型的铝合金材料的疲劳性能,通过常规试验方法分别对这两组铝合金光滑板试件进行了轴向拉伸疲劳试验。在循环次数为104~2×106时测定了两种材料的S-N曲线。试验结果发现:铝合金的疲劳强度大致与抗拉强度成正比,抗拉强度高的疲劳强度也高。