New insights on the external features of egg capsules and embryo development in the squid Loligo vulgaris

The embryonic development of the squid Loligo vulgaris was observed from 183 egg masses collected from special devices deployed throughout Cabrera National Park (Baleares Islands, western Mediterranean Sea). Sequence alignment analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed that all embryos belonged to L. vulgaris. In total, 549 egg capsules were examined. Viable egg capsules (n = 420) were classified into one of five maturation stages according to the primary external features. The length of the viable egg capsules varied between 40 and 170 mm, and increased with embryonic development. The non-viable capsules (n = 129) were categorized into four groups: I (Ginger root), non-viable II and III, and empty egg capsule (IV). The percentage of non-viable capsules (i.e. grades I, II and III) was 92.25%. Empty capsules accounted for 7.75% of the total non-viable egg capsules. Embryonic development was classified into a second scale of eight stages. Egg capsule stage and embryonic stage were significantly related (n = 420; p < 0.001), facilitating the determination of the embryo developmental phase based on the outward appearance of the egg capsules. The embryo development stage based on the external features of the egg capsules might constitute an innovative tool for in situ embryological data collection. This new method is neither time consuming nor invasive, and could be helpful in fishing cruises, for scuba diving visual census in natural habitats and for laboratory culture. Slight variability in the developmental embryonic stages within egg capsules from the same egg mass was identified. The origin of this asynchrony is discussed. Chronological appearance of organs was similar to that of the six loliginid species previously examined. However, some developmental changes in the timing or rate of events (heterochronies) were observed: Hoyle’s organ was formed earlier in L. vulgaris and the appearance of ventral chromatophores was slightly delayed (2 days) compared with the other species considered.     

“商品理化检验”实践教学的探讨与尝试

《商品理化检验》是商检技术专业一门实验性和应用性很强的专业基础课,既涉及理化、生物等多学科的理论与技术,又涉及一些相关法律法规、国际惯例等知识。结合本课程的教学实际,对商品理化检验实践课教学中课程体系建设、教学内容、教学方法等环节进行了探讨与尝试,以保证教学质量。     

Dealing with Distances and Transformations for Fuzzy C-Means Clustering of Compositional Data

Clustering techniques are based upon a dissimilarity or distance measure between objects and clusters. This paper focuses on the simplex space, whose elements??compositions??are subject to non-negativity and constant-sum constraints. Any data analysis involving compositions should fulfill two main principles: scale invariance and subcompositional coherence. Among fuzzy clustering methods, the FCM algorithm is broadly applied in a variety of fields, but it is not well-behaved when dealing with compositions. Here, the adequacy of different dissimilarities in the simplex, together with the behavior of the common log-ratio transformations, is discussed in the basis of compositional principles. As a result, a well-founded strategy for FCM clustering of compositions is suggested. Theoretical findings are accompanied by numerical evidence, and a detailed account of our proposal is provided. Finally, a case study is illustrated using a nutritional data set known in the clustering literature.     

鲁西南自闭症儿童随班就读情况调查

通过对鲁西南地区自闭症儿童随班就读情况的调查，发现普通学校教师对自闭症知识普遍匮乏，对就读学生的特殊行为特征无法控制和调整；学生家庭教育状况堪忧。建议加强对随班就读学校的教师和校领导自闭症知识培训和师资建设；通过家校沟通让家长有正确认识；教育部门应设置相关入学考试标准。     

Empirical factors and structure transference: Returning to the London account

We offer a framework to represent the roles of empirical and theoretical factors in theory construction, and examine a case study to illustrate how the framework can be used to illuminate central features of scientific reasoning. The case study provides an extension of French and Ladyman's (1997) analysis of Fritz and Heinz London's model of superconductivity to accommodate the role of the analogy between superconductivity and diamagnetic phenomena in the development of the model between 1935 and 1937. We focus on this case since it allows us to separate the roles of empirical and theoretical factors, and so provides an example of the utility of the approach that we have adopted. We conclude the paper by drawing on the particular framework here developed to address a range of concerns.     

浅谈低碳经济背景下如何实践低碳生活

阐述了低碳生活提出的背景和低碳生活的概念,分析了大学生率先实践低碳生活的必要性,探讨了大学生如何从＂衣、食、住、行、用＂5个方面实践低碳生活。     

对专业英语课程教学改革的思考

针对专业英语课程教学存在的问题，结合多年教学实践经验，提出了该课程教学改革的一些建议。     

文化路标Cyborg的隐喻式批判

用以cyborg为代表的高科技对于人类社会的影响进行类比隐喻,以说明现代社会里人们出于狭隘的人本主义观念对科学以及由科学产生的高科技的滥用不仅导致了人类自身主体性的异化,也对立了科技理性和人文精神,威胁到人类社会的可持续性发展。     

用矛盾定律分析查新委托技术资料存在的问题

目的:履行查新人的职业道德,规范查新委托人的学术行为;方法:应用矛盾定律评判问题,应用逻辑推理分析问题;结果:分析出查新委托技术资料存在问题的结症;结论:提醒科研人员在填报查新委托技术资料中要实事求是,科学严谨.