A stereospecific approach to diterpene alkaloids with a bridge across ring B

Zusammenfassung Die Herstellung eines Schlüsselprodukts für die Synthese von Alkaloiden des Songorin- und Delphinin-Typs wird beschrieben.

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We wish to thank the Hoffmann La Roche Company Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, and specifically Dr.A. Brossi, not only for financial support but also for collaboration and help. Financial support by the National Research Council of Canada is gratefully acknowledged.     

A facile approach to dihydrojasmone

Résumé La dihydrojasmone a été synthétisée en trois étapes à partir du pentanedione-2,4.

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This research was supported by NRCC, Ottawa.     

Copy number polymorphism in Fcgr3 predisposes to glomerulonephritis in rats and humans

Identification of the genes underlying complex phenotypes and the definition of the evolutionary forces that have shaped eukaryotic genomes are among the current challenges in molecular genetics. Variation in gene copy number is increasingly recognized as a source of inter-individual differences in genome sequence and has been proposed as a driving force for genome evolution and phenotypic variation. Here we show that copy number variation of the orthologous rat and human Fcgr3 genes is a determinant of susceptibility to immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis. Positional cloning identified loss of the newly described, rat-specific Fcgr3 paralogue, Fcgr3-related sequence (Fcgr3-rs), as a determinant of macrophage overactivity and glomerulonephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats. In humans, low copy number of FCGR3B, an orthologue of rat Fcgr3, was associated with glomerulonephritis in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. The finding that gene copy number polymorphism predisposes to immunologically mediated renal disease in two mammalian species provides direct evidence for the importance of genome plasticity in the evolution of genetically complex phenotypes, including susceptibility to common human disease.     

Connexins and pannexins in the skeleton: gap junctions,hemichannels and more

Regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the concerted actions of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, controlled by osteocytes, cells derived from osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix. The control of differentiation, viability and function of bone cells relies on the presence of connexins. Connexin43 regulates the expression of genes required for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation directly or by changing the levels of osteocytic genes, and connexin45 may oppose connexin43 actions in osteoblastic cells. Connexin37 is required for osteoclast differentiation and its deletion results in increased bone mass. Less is known on the role of connexins in cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Connexin43, connexin45, connexin32, connexin46 and connexin29 are expressed in chondrocytes, while connexin43 and connexin32 are expressed in ligaments and tendons. Similarly, although the expression of pannexin1, pannexin2 and pannexin3 has been demonstrated in bone and cartilage cells, their function in these tissues is not fully understood.     

增效磷—1号的研制和应用

本文报导了以酚类和烷基硫代磷酰氯酯为原料,在碱催化剂的存在下,以水溶剂直接反应成增效磷—Ⅰ号的工艺条件,产物收率达97—98%,并给出其对水胺硫磷的增效作用试验结果。     

郭守敬的《授时历》和朝鲜的《七政算内篇》

《授时历》被评价为中国历史上最优秀的历法,并且成为明朝《大统历》和朝鲜《七政算内篇》成书的基础。《七政算内篇》是朝鲜世宗时代(1418—1450年)取得的重要天文业绩之一,以《回回历》为基础,与《七政算外篇》一同于1444年编纂成书。《七政算内篇》的历元、天文常数和计算法等基本体系参照《授时历》,应数值则参照了《大统历》的辛巳应数。且把四余添加在推步的项目中,在计算日月食时使用的常数值则参考了元统1384年编纂的《大统历法通轨》,《七政算内篇》汲取了《授时历》和《大统历》的优点。