我国企业年金制度和政策浅析

根据我国社会保障体系建设的总体要求,社会养老保险由国家基本养老保险、企业年金和个人储蓄养老三个支柱组成。目前,大多数发达国家都建立了比较完善的企业年金制度,企业年金成为养老保险的重要支柱。我国早在10年前就出台了有关规定和政策,但实际发展极为缓慢,目前我国建立企业年金制度的企业职工仅占基本养老保险参保职工的2％左右。建立规范的适合中国国情的企业年金制度,是积极推进国有企业改革,促进经济发展与社会稳定的重要条件。在企业年金制度构建上,政策推动与严格监管要双管齐下,对企业年金基金的投资收益要实行合理税收优惠,并合理控制年金总体待遇水平。     

RB代数中谱定理

定义了随机Banach代数和谱，并证明了随机Banach代数中一些基本的谱定理。     

扬子鳄种群的线粒体DNA控制区序列变异性及其对物种保护的启示

测定了来自4个不同地点(包括安徽宣城野生和饲养种群、浙江长兴的饲养种群及在美国的饲养种群)的64个扬子鳄线粒体DNA控制区部分序列.结果共检测出4个单倍型共3个变异位点,与龟类、鸟类、哺乳类及其它鳄类相比较,反央出扬子鳄线粒体区的序列变异性很低.在此基础上,对扬子鳄遗传保护提出了有关建议.     

试论以合力论思想构建和谐社会

中国共产党提出了构建和谐社会的新理念,把和谐社会的建设同经济建设、政治建设、文化建设有力地结合起来,形成了构建和谐社会的合力论思想。构建社会主义和谐社会,必须坚持马克思主义关于历史发展的合力论思想,即“促正”、“纠反”,构建和谐社会,并构建由四大合力机制组成的合力机制体系。     

Microorganisms seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in Legionnaires' disease from human lung

Summary In addition to several anomalous structures, other general forms of definitely rod-shaped microorganisms have been found by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in the lung tissue taken at autopsy from a patient who succumbed to confirmed Legionnaires' disease with extensive necrotizing lobar pneumonia. The microorganisms were greatly varied in size and shape. They were micrographed in the act of fission. These forms have been found to some extent throughout the tissue. No nickel was demonstrated, either in the lung tissue or in the microorganisms.This work has been supported in part by a Henry Ford Hospital institutional grant from the Ford Foundation and in part by the Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Funds.     

Becoming a Darwinian: the micro-politics of Sir Francis Galton's scientific career 1859-65

In 1865 Francis Galton (1822-1911) published 'Hereditary Talent and Character', an elaborate attempt to prove the heritability of intelligence on the basis of pedigree data. It was the start of Galton's lifelong commitment to investigating the statistical patterns and physiological mechanisms of hereditary transmission. Most existing attempts to explain Galton's fascination for heredity have argued that he was driven by a commitment to conservative political ideologies to seek means of naturalizing human inequality. However, this paper shows that another factor of at least equal importance has been overlooked by Galton scholars: his determination during the 1860s to be accepted among the ranks of the Darwinian inner circle. By hitching his career to the fortunes of what looked likely to emerge as a new scientific elite, Galton felt that he could bypass the typically slow and uncertain route to achieving scientific distinction. For this essentially strategic reason, between 1860 and 1865 he drifted away from a set of existing scientific concerns that were failing to deliver the approbation that he desired. Earnestly seeking to ingratiate himself with the Darwinian lobby, he then toyed with a variety of potential research projects relevant to Darwinian evolution. Yet Galton consistently failed to stimulate the enthusiasm of the Darwinians. Finally, however, after several months of ruminating, in 1864 he settled on a study of eminent pedigrees as a subject that was both germane and highly useful to the Darwinian enterprise. Galton's willingness to shift the direction of his scientific career during the 1860s underscores the importance of examining the micro-politics of scientific careers in addition to their broader social and political context. This account also emphasizes the limitations of class-based explanations even when considering scientists whose work seems so manifestly indicative of ideological motivation.     

Einstein’s Investigations of Galilean Covariant Electrodynamics Prior to 1905

Einstein learned from the magnet and conductor thought experiment how to use field transformation laws to extend the covariance of Maxwells electrodynamics. If he persisted in his use of this device, he would have found that the theory cleaves into two Galilean covariant parts, each with different field transformation laws. The tension between the two parts reflects a failure not mentioned by Einstein: that the relativity of motion manifested by observables in the magnet and conductor thought experiment does not extend to all observables in electrodynamics. An examination of Ritzs work shows that Einsteins early view could not have coincided with Ritzs on an emission theory of light, but only with that of a conveniently reconstructed Ritz. One Ritz-like emission theory, attributed by Pauli to Ritz, proves to be a natural extension of the Galilean covariant part of Maxwells theory that happens also to accommodate the magnet and conductor thought experiment. Einsteins famous chasing a light beam thought experiment fails as an objection to an ether-based, electrodynamical theory of light. However it would allow Einstein to formulate his general objections to all emission theories of light in a very sharp form. Einstein found two well known experimental results of 18th and 19th century optics compelling (Fizeaus experiment, stellar aberration), while the accomplished Michelson-Morley experiment played no memorable role. I suggest they owe their importance to their providing a direct experimental grounding for Lorentz local time, the precursor of Einsteins relativity of simultaneity, and doing it essentially independently of electrodynamical theory. I attribute Einsteins success to his determination to implement a principle of relativity in electrodynamics, but I urge that we not invest this stubbornness with any mystical prescience.I am grateful to Diana Buchwald, Olivier Darrigol, Allen Janis, Michel Janssen, Robert Rynasiewicz and John Stachel for helpful discussion and for assistance in accessing source materials.