Density, distribution, and habitat of Flammulated Owls in Idaho

From 1990 to 1992 we surveyed for Flammulated Owls ( Otus flammeolus ) in 3 areas in Idaho: Salmon National Forest (SNF), Payette National Forest and adjacent Hells Canyon National Recreation Area (PNF-HCNRA), and Nez Perce National Forest (NPNF). We also collected and summarized information on all historic and modern records of Flammulated Owls in Idaho. Flammulated Owls were detected on 65% of 68 routes (2-16 km in length) surveyed at densities ranging from 0.04 to 1.25 singing males/40 ha. Owls were detected on survey routes as early as 10 May and as late as 23 July. Mean percent canopy cover estimated at owl locations on the PNF-HCNRA and NPNF study sites ranged from 52% to 64%, while shrub cover ranged from 16% to 21% and ground cover was 39% to 49%. Our surveys and summary of distributional records indicated that Flammulated Owls occur throughout the montane forests of Idaho in old or mature stands of open ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ), Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ), and stands co-dominated by those 2 species. Fire suppression and timber harvest activity in ponderosa pine forests represent 2 main threats to the species' future security in Idaho. More research on the effects of various silvicultural treatments on Flammulated Owl populations is warranted.     

Effect of rearing method on chukar survival

Survival of adult chukar-imprinted, game farm (sibling/human-imprinted), and wild chudkars was compared in three releases (two sites). Combined results indicate similar ( P P < .05) for game farm chukars. With early behavioral conditioning, some potential exists for using captive-reared chukars to establish new populations.     

Detection of molecular interactions at membrane surfaces through colloid phase transitions

The molecular architecture of-and biochemical processes within--cell membranes play important roles in all living organisms, with many drugs and infectious disease agents targeting membranes. Experimental studies of biochemical reactions on membrane surfaces are challenging, as they require a membrane environment that is fluid (like cell membranes) but nevertheless allows for the efficient detection and characterization of molecular interactions. One approach uses lipid membranes supported on solid substrates such as silica or polymers: although the membrane is trapped near the solid interface, it retains natural fluidity and biological functionality and can be implanted with membrane proteins for functional studies. But the detection of molecular interactions involving membrane-bound species generally requires elaborate techniques, such as surface plasmon resonance or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate that colloidal phase transitions of membrane-coated silica beads provide a simple and label-free method for monitoring molecular interactions on lipid membrane surfaces. By adjusting the lipid membrane composition and hence the pair interaction potential between the membrane-supporting silica beads, we poise our system near a phase transition so that small perturbations on the membrane surface induce dramatic changes in the macroscopic organization of the colloid. We expect that this approach, used here to probe with high sensitivity protein binding events at membrane surfaces, can be applied to study a broad range of cell membrane processes.     

Detachment fronts and the onset of dynamic friction

The dynamics of friction have been studied for hundreds of years, yet many aspects of these everyday processes are not understood. One such aspect is the onset of frictional motion (slip). First described more than 200 years ago as the transition from static to dynamic friction, the onset of slip is central to fields as diverse as physics, tribology, mechanics of earthquakes and fracture. Here we show that the onset of frictional slip is governed by three different types of coherent crack-like fronts: these are observed by real-time visualization of the net contact area that forms the interface separating two blocks of like material. Two of these fronts, which propagate at subsonic and intersonic velocities, have been the subject of intensive recent interest. We show that a third type of front, which propagates an order of magnitude more slowly, is the dominant mechanism for the rupture of the interface. No overall motion (sliding) of the blocks occurs until either of the slower two fronts traverses the entire interface.     

一种基于群体智能聚类的设备性能横向比较算法

提出了一种基于群体智能的设备性能横向比较算法,该算法将设备模式投影于二维平面上,然后依据群体智能聚类,实现设备性能的自组织聚类分析.为了提高群体智能聚类算法的运行效率,提出了利用主成分分析改善模式投影时的随机性.此外,为了减小参数选取对算法的影响,提出了一种更简单的相似度衡量公式.将改进后的算法与原算法进行比较,结果显示,改进算法的运行效率更高.利用改进算法对某中央空调的数据进行分析,验证了算法能满足设备性能自组织聚类的要求.     

Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C

Since the identification of the hepatitis C virus, great strides have been made in the development of an antiviral therapy. As a crucial mediator of the innate antiviral immune response, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was a natural choice for treatment. Whereas treatment with IFN-alpha alone achieved only modest success, the addition of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin greatly improved responses. However, half of the infected individuals with chronic disease do not achieve sustained clearance of hepatitis C virus. To optimize current therapeutic strategies and to develop new therapies, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of IFN and ribavirin will be essential.     

一种考虑修复非新的多设备串行系统机会维护动态决策模型

以由不同设备组成的无中间缓冲站的串行生产系统为研究对象,通过引入整合役龄递减因子和故障率递增因子的单设备预防性修复非新模型,建立了一种基于设备可靠性的多设备串行系统机会维护动态决策优化模型.该模型满足设备只有短期信息可用的实际操作特点,可为多设备串行系统的维护决策提供有力的支持.     

The total synthesis of delphinine: A stereoselective synthesis of an advanced relay compound

Zusammenfassung Die stereoselektive Totalsynthese eines Delphininabbauproduktes wird beschrieben. Dieses Produkt, das 5 Ringe und 5 Substituenten besitzt, ist von Delphinin aus leicht zugänglich und kann deshalb als Relais-Verbindung für die Totalsynthese dieses Alkaloids dienen.

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Presented at a seminar at the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland on June 24, 1969.