Relations between the underground biomass and soil organic carbon and nitrogen of the alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

This article, by combining field investigation with laboratorial analysis, studies diverse alpine meadow at the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the underground biomass dynamics, vertical distribution of the content of soil carbon and nitrogen, the connection between the biomass and the content of carbon and nitrogen. The studies show that underground biomass in the herb layer of upland meadow is more than that in the terrace meadow, while underground biomass in the upland shrubland is the most. The vertical distribution of underground biomass of each type is obvious as in shape of＂T＂. As to the distribution of the content of soil organic carbon in the three sample grounds, it showed that the deeper the soil the less the content of soil organic carbon. In May, unlike at terrace meadow, the underground biomass and the content of soil organic carbon in positive proportion, such revelation at upland meadow and upland shrubland is not apparent. In July, at upland meadow and terrace meadow the underground biomass and the content of soil total nitrogen in positive proportion, such revelation at upland shrubland is not apparent either.     

A mobile accessible closed multi-part group communication scheme in IPv6 network

To solve the problems of current IP multicast which includes poor inter-domain many-to-many group support, security vulnerabilities and dependency to specific multicast infrastructure, a mobile accessible closed multi-part group （MACMPG） communication protocol in IPv6 network is proposed. By extending the single source multicast protocol, the communication channel for multi-part group communication across domains is established. Based on lPv6 CGA, the secure closed group communication scheme is designed. The access to the multicast traffic only confined to the authorized senders and receivers and only trusted routers are allowed to be the branch points of MACMPG tree. By tunneling mechanism, the MACMPG traffic can be transmitted across non-MACMPG routing area, and the mobile nodes can join the group remotely and roam freely between domains, which eliminates the dependency on specific IP multicast routing.     

A distributed dynamic clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a distributed dynamic k-medoid clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), DDKCAWSN. Different from node-clustering algorithms and protocols for WSNs, the algorithm focuses on clustering data in the network. By sending the sink clustered data instead of practical ones, the algorithm can greatly reduce the size and the time of data communication, and further save the energy of the nodes in the network and prolong the system lifetime. Moreover, the algorithm improves the accuracy of the clustered data dynamically by updating the clusters periodically such as each day. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for different metrics. Biography: WANG Leichun (1974–), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: wireless communication.     

Evolutionary computation based optimization of image Zernike moments shape feature vector

The image shape feature can be described by the image Zernike moments. In this paper, we points out the problem that the high dimension image Zernike moments shape feature vector can describe more detail of the original image but has too many elements making trouble for the next image analysis phases. Then the low dimension image Zernike moments shape feature vector should be improved and optimized to describe more detail of the original image. So the optimization algorithm based on evolutionary computation is designed and implemented in this paper to solve this problem. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the optimization algorithm. Biography: LIU Maofu (1977–), male, Associate professor, Ph.D., research direction: image mining, natural language processing.     

Observations of passenger flow and verification of a crowd dynamics model

This paper reports observations of passenger flow in the Wuchang railway station in Wuhan, China during the Chinese Traditional Spring Festival in 2006. The data collected are used to verify a crowd dynamics model previously developed. The crowd dynamics model is based on simulating the global movement of each individual under the influence of the surrounding crowd, and the good agreement between the predictions and observations validates the prediction model. The crowd dynamics model suggests that the crowd movement speed is dominated by two factors： the front-back inter-person effect, and the pedestrian＇s self-motive. The first effect gives logarithmic relationship between the crowd speed and crowd density. The second factor depends on the individual motive driven with which people try to divorce themselves from the control of the crowd movement. The prediction model are helpful to guide the design of public traffic systems for effective crowd dispersal.     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and total nitrogen on the Yajiageng vertical belt,Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks

Distribution characteristics of soil organic matter（SOM） and total nitrogen（TN） were studied in different plant communities of the Yajiageng vertical belt in Gongga Mountain around the Dadu River banks. The results show： （1） the contents of SOM and TN of the plant communities gradually decreased with the following order： subalpine coniferous forest （3 027 m）, subalpine meadow （3 873 m）, coniferous broadleaved mixed forest（2 737 m）, subalpine shrub（3 565 m） and treeline（3 564 m）. （2） With soil profile depth increasing, the contents of SOM and TN gradually decreased. For different vegetation types, the contents of SOM and TN in sub-alpine coniferous forest were higher than that of other vegetational types. （3）The ratio of the content of carbon to the content of total nitrogen （Cc/CTN）WaS 13.5-27.6, which was relatively lower than the appropriate Cc/CTN of 25-30, and indicated that the soil in favor of the organic matter decomposed and nutrients released. Cc/CTN in the soil had no correlation with sea level altitude. However, its distribution in the soil x, aried with different vegetation types. （4） Nitrogen in SOM existed mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and Cc/CTN in the soil was not obvious correlated with SOM and TN.     

Query expansion based on semantics and statistics in Chinese question answering system

In Chinese question answering system, because there is more semantic relation in questions than that in query words, the precision can be improved by expanding query while using natural language questions to retrieve documents. This paper proposes a new approach to query expansion based on semantics and statistics Firstly automatic relevance feedback method is used to generate a candidate expansion word set. Then the expanded query words are selected from the set based on the semantic similarity and seman- tic relevancy between the candidate words and the original words. Experiments show the new approach is effective for Web retrieval and out-performs the conventional expansion approaches.     

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS AND STABILITY OF SOLUTIONS FOR STOCHASTIC IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS

This paper studies the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for stochastic impulsive systems. By employing Lyapunov-like functions, some sufficient conditions of the global existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for stochastic impulsive systems are established. Furthermore, the results are specialized to the case of linear stochastic impulsive systems. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the applications of our theory.     

A novel approach of hybrid genetic optimization with elite ant colony: Application in the modulation recognition

A novel approach (HGO-EAC) for hybrid genetic op-timization (GO) with elite ant colony (EAC) is proposed for the automatic modulation recognition of communication signals,through which we improve the basic ant colony algorithms by referencing elite strategy and present a new fusion strategy for genetic optimization and elite ant colony. This approach is used to train the neural networks as the classifier for modulation. Simula-tion results indicate good performance on an additive white Gaus-sian noise (AWGN) channel,with recognition rate reaching to 70% especially for CW even at signal-to-noise ratios as low as 5 dB. This approach can achieve a high recognition rate for the typical modulations such as CW,4ASK,4FSK,BPSK,and QAM16. Test result shows that it has better performance than BP algorithm and basic ant colony algorithms by achieving faster training and stronger robustness.     

Soundness analysis of compositional model of time-based petri nets

Workflow management systems are widely used in improving the efficiency of business processes.To develop a workflow management system is the key to workflow modeling.In this paper,the compositional time net is presented to model workflow processes on the basis of the analyzing methods of time Petri nets and workflows,and to describe the static relationships and the dynamic semantics of the task of multiple workflow composition.The paper puts more emphasis on checking the soundness of composed workflow,at the same time,combinational problems of non-conditional structure of the compositional time net are introduced and analyzed.A sufficient and necessary condition for determining the soundness of compositional nets is obtained.