Extended megadroughts in the southwestern United States during Pleistocene interglacials

The potential for increased drought frequency and severity linked to anthropogenic climate change in the semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States (US) is a serious concern. Multi-year droughts during the instrumental period and decadal-length droughts of the past two millennia were shorter and climatically different from the future permanent, 'dust-bowl-like' megadrought conditions, lasting decades to a century, that are predicted as a consequence of warming. So far, it has been unclear whether or not such megadroughts occurred in the southwestern US, and, if so, with what regularity and intensity. Here we show that periods of aridity lasting centuries to millennia occurred in the southwestern US during mid-Pleistocene interglacials. Using molecular palaeotemperature proxies to reconstruct the mean annual temperature (MAT) in mid-Pleistocene lacustrine sediment from the Valles Caldera, New Mexico, we found that the driest conditions occurred during the warmest phases of interglacials, when the MAT was comparable to or higher than the modern MAT. A collapse of drought-tolerant C(4) plant communities during these warm, dry intervals indicates a significant reduction in summer precipitation, possibly in response to a poleward migration of the subtropical dry zone. Three MAT cycles ～2?°C in amplitude occurred within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 and seem to correspond to the muted precessional cycles within this interglacial. In comparison with MIS 11, MIS 13 experienced higher precessional-cycle amplitudes, larger variations in MAT (4-6?°C) and a longer period of extended warmth, suggesting that local insolation variations were important to interglacial climatic variability in the southwestern US. Comparison of the early MIS 11 climate record with the Holocene record shows many similarities and implies that, in the absence of anthropogenic forcing, the region should be entering a cooler and wetter phase.     

蔗渣浆纤维模塑装饰建筑材料的制备与性能

以天然蔗渣浆纤维为原料,利用模塑热压工艺复合成形,得到物理性能优良的纤维模塑装饰建筑材料.借助拉伸性能测试、热重分析、FT-IR等研究了影响该材料力学性能的因素.研究表明:该材料的拉伸性能主要受增强剂和阻燃剂添加量,干燥温度、时间和压力的影响;随着阻燃剂添加量的增加,材料的拉伸性能明显降低;最佳干燥温度为160℃,干燥...     

Skin collagen fiber-based radar absorbing materials

By using skin collagen fiber (CF) as raw material,Schiff base structure containing CF (Sa-CF) was synthesized through CF-salicylaldehyde reaction.Then a novel radar absorbing material (Fe-Sa-CF) was prepared by chelating reaction between Sa-CF and Fe 3+.The coaxial transmission and reflection method was used to analyze the complex permittivity and complex magnetic permeability of these CF-based materials,and the radar cross section (RCS) method was used to investigate their radar absorbing properties in the frequency range of 1.0-18.0 GHz.Experimental results indicated that the conductivity of CF increased from initial 1.08×10-11 to 2.86×10-6 S/cm after being transferred into Fe-Sa-CF,and its dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) in the frequency range of 1.0-17.0 GHz also increased.These facts suggest that the Fe-Sa-CF is electric-loss type radar absorbing material.In the frequency range of 3.0-18.0 GHz,Sa-CF (1.0 mm in thickness) exhibited somewhat radar absorbing property with maximum radar reflection loss (RL) of-4.73 dB.As for Fe-Sa-CF,the absorbing bandwidth was broadened,and the absorbing intensity significantly increased in the frequency range of 1.0-18.0 GHz where a maximum radar RL of-9.23 dB was observed.In addition,the radar absorbing intensity of Fe-Sa-CF can be further improved by increasing membrane thickness.When the thickness reached to 2.0 mm,the RL values of Fe-Sa-CF were-15.0-18.0 dB in the frequency range of 7.0-18.0 GHz.Consequently,a kind of novel radar absorbing material can be prepared by chemical modification of collagen fiber,which is characterized by thin thickness,low density,broad absorption bandwidth and high absorption intensity.     

9,10-环二氧-9,10-二(双苯基氧膦)蒽的合成及其晶体结构

化合物[(C14H8O2(PO(C6H5)2)2)]·H2O(Ⅱ)是9,10-二(双苯基膦)蒽(Ⅰ)在苯乙炔汞存在下,以乙腈为溶剂与空气中的氧气反应得到的一个化合物.用x-单晶衍射仪对该化合物的晶体结构进行了表征,结果表明,该化合物属于单斜晶系C2/c空间群,其结构参数为:a=28.908(4)(A),b=11.768...     

含软弱夹层的强风化泥岩强度及破坏模式试验研究

为研究软弱夹层对边坡失稳的影响,对含软弱夹层的岩体强度及破坏模式进行了理论和试验研究.采用某边坡钻孔芯样分别制备强风化泥岩、泥化夹层、含软弱夹层泥岩3种三轴试样,并进行三轴固结不排水剪试验.结合理论分析,对强风化泥岩、泥化夹层、含软弱夹层泥岩的强度和破坏模式进行了研究,揭示软弱夹层倾角、围压对试样强度和破坏模式的影响规...     

网格计算及其在图像处理中的应用

介绍网格计算的主要技术特点和优势,并探讨网格计算在图像处理中的应用.网格的并行计算能力有效的提高了超分辨率图像处理算法的计算效率,加快算法的运行时间.     

环境温度对CFL增强RC梁承载能力的影响

对温度场中碳纤维薄板(CFL)增强钢筋混凝土(RC)梁在不同破坏模式下的承载能力进行理论分析.研究结果表明,环境温度的变化对CFL增强RC梁的承载能力有一定程度的影响:(1)当环境温度升高30K时,CFL厚度分别为0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4mm的增强RC梁的开裂载荷分别提高了5.37%、10.46%、15.9%和20.94%;(2)CFL厚度为0.1mm和0.2mm的增强RC梁的破坏模式为CFL拉断,其极限承载力随环境温度的升高呈下降趋势,但降低幅度小于3.5%;(3)CFL厚度为0.3mm和0.4mm的增强RC梁的破坏模式为混凝土压碎,其极限承载力随环境温度的升高呈上升趋势,但升高幅度小于3.5%.     

依托地铁发展整合广州站域公共空间资源

广州地铁的网络化发展正在逐步走向成熟,城市公共空间在"以公交为导向"的城市规划理念(TOD)下,依托地铁发展,有效地整合功能和建立有地域性特征的发展模式是其中的关键环节.文中通过对现状和问题的分析、比较研究,用系统科学的方法,提出以地铁车站为核心、步行系统为联系纽带,形成网络化的站域公共空间体系.     

叶片式混输泵气液两相流及性能的数值分析

利用Fluent计算软件在多重参考坐标系下采用欧拉方法的双流体湍流模型计算螺旋轴流式叶片泵内高含气状态下的三维气液两相流场.通过对泵内绝对流速、叶轮相对流速、静态压力、气液两相分布及其相间滑移速度矢量的分析,探讨了气液两相介质在泵内的流动规律.结果显示离心力的作用使叶轮内液相主要在轮缘附近流动,而气相则聚集在轮毂附近;泵导叶内气液两相分离状况有较明显改善.通过与泵性能实验结果对比,验证了文中方法对气液两相叶片式混输泵计算分析的有效性.