超高性能混凝土中热处理钢纤维在氯离子环境下的腐蚀试验

钢纤维是超高性能混凝土（UHPC）中主要的增强材料之一,为进一步提高钢纤维的耐腐蚀性能,推进UHPC在腐蚀环境中的使用,文中从钢纤维的耐腐蚀性能增强出发,对钢纤维在150℃、300℃、450℃、600℃四种不同温度下进行热处理,并用作原材料制作超高性能混凝土。将UHPC、钢纤维（含对照组）置于3.5%氯离子溶液中浸泡100天,期间采用电化学方法、微观表征对钢纤维的腐蚀行为进行测试分析。结果:钢纤维经过600℃热处理下的氧化皮最耐腐蚀,表面形貌最致密,但耐腐蚀性能下降程度在所有热处理温度中最大。浸泡前和浸泡后,在150℃处理后的钢纤维耐腐蚀性能最低,随着热处理温度提高,改性钢纤维耐腐蚀性能逐渐增强。钢纤维表面氧化层致密性随着温度升高而逐渐增大;随着处理温度升高钢纤维锈层形貌变化在浸泡环境下形态逐渐增大,钢纤维置于氯离子溶液中生成物质不同且种类增多,通过形貌分析得出主要表现有FeOOH（α、γ、β）的形貌特征,但UHPC中钢纤维未具有FeOOH的三种形貌特征。腐蚀初期氧化皮越致密,对铁基体的保护作用越大;但长期腐蚀下防护作用越来越弱,且氧化皮越致密反而越会促进腐蚀,防护作用降低的幅度越大。     

In vitro biological effects of magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for a wide use in various biomedical applications due to their unusual properties. It is critical for many applications that the biological effects of nanoparticles are studied in depth. To date, many disparate results can be found in the literature regarding nanoparticle-biological factors interactions. This review highlights recent developments in this field with particular focuses on in vitro MNPs-cell interactions. The effect of MNPs properties on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity evaluation of MNPs were discussed. Some employed methods are also included. Moreover, nanoparticle-cell interactions are mediated by the presence of proteins absorbed from biological fluids on the nanoparticle. Many questions remain on the effect of nanoparticle surface (in addition to nanoparticle size) on protein adsorption. We review papers related to this point too.     

Optimization criteria for the performance of heat and mass transfer in indirect evaporative cooling systems

The wide application of evaporative cooling techniques in which the optimization criteria form the theoretical basis for improving evaporative cooling performance is essential for energy conservation and emission reduction.Based on exergy analysis and the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance method,this contribution aims to investigate the effects of flow and area distributions in the optimization of the performance of indirect evaporative cooling systems.We first establish the relationships of exergy efficiency,entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance and cooling capacity of a typical indirect cooling system.Using the prescribed inlet parameters,the heat and mass transfer coefficients and the circulating water mass flow rate,we then numerically validate that when the cooling capacity reaches a maximum,the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance falls to a minimum while the exergy efficiency is not at an extreme value.The result shows that the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance,not the exergy efficiency,characterizes the heat transfer performance of an evaporative cooling system,which provides a more suitable method for evaluating and analyzing the indirect cooling system.     

Design study for the cascaded HGHG experiment based on the SDUV-FEL

Cascading stages of high-gain harmonic generation(HGHG) free electron laser(FEL) is a promising way to produce fully coherent X-ray radiation.As a test facility for modern FEL R&D,the Shanghai deep ultraviolet FEL(SDUV-FEL) is now under upgrading for the cascading two stages of HGHG experiment.Since the energy of the electron beam is as low as about 185 MeV after upgrade,the total harmonic number of this two stages HGHG is only 2×2,and the wavelength of the final radiation is 196.5 nm which is the 4th harmonic of the 786 nm seed laser.With help of three-dimensional simulation codes,design studies on the FEL physics for the cascaded HGHG experiment are present based on the parameters of the upgraded SDUV-FEL facility.It is found from the simulation results that the part of the electron beam which has been used in the first stage can still generate powerful radiation in the radiator of the second stage,and this radiation will be difficult to be separated from the radiation generated by the fresh part of the electron beam.To overcome this problem,a novel method based on the energy spectrum of the electron beam is proposed in this paper to demonstrate the fresh bunch technique.     

Sr-Nd isotope stratification along water depth: An example from Datong hydrological station of Yangtze River

This study examines the effects of hydrologic sorting and mixing of sources on the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended sediments at different water depths. The samples were collected from three layers (surface, middle and bottom) at Datong hydrological station of Yangtze River during the flood season of 2010. Our results show that, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values decrease from surface to bottom, ranging from 0.730332 to 0.720857. ε Nd (0) values range from 14.75 to 10.09, with surface sediments being the most negative. The isotope composition at the middle layer can best represent the mean isotopic composition of the total suspended sediments transported by a river. It is believed that the stratification of Sr-Nd isotope is attributable to mixing of sediments from different sources due to hydrological sorting. Sediments from the upper stream are found to be coarser, and tend to contribute more to the lower water column. Although Sr-Nd isotope is a well acknowledged tool to trace sediment provenance, the current study suggests that the grain size of the samples and the sampling locations should be taken into consideration when applying this method to provenance study.     

Variability of snail growing season at the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last 75 ka

Knowledge of seasonal climate change is one of the key issues facing Quaternary paleoclimatic studies and estimating seasonal climate change is difficult,especially changes such as seasonal length on glacial-interglacial timescales.The stable isotope composition from seasonal land snail shells provides the potential to reveal seasonal climatic features.Two modern land snail species,cold-aridiphilous Pupilla aeoli and thermo-humidiphilous Punctum orphana,were collected from different climatic zones in 18 localities across the Chinese Loess Plateau,spanning 11 degrees of longitude and covering a range of 1000 km2.The duration of the snail growing season(temperature ≥10℃) was shorter(202 ± 6 d) in the eastern Loess Plateau compared with in the western Loess Plateau(162 ±7 d).The δ13C of P.aeoli shells was ?9.1‰ to ?4.7‰ and ?5.0‰ to 0.3‰ for δ18O.For P.orphana,the δ13C ranged from ?9.1‰ to ?1.9‰ and ?8.9‰ to ?2.9‰ for δ18O.Both the δ13C and δ18O differences between the two snail species were reduced from the east to the western Loess Plateau(2.8‰ to 0.2 ± 1.1‰ for δ13C and 4.7‰ to 2.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ18O).These isotopic differences roughly reflect the difference in the growing season lengths between the east and west Loess Plateau indicating that the duration of the snail growing season shortens by 15 d or 19 d if the difference decreases by 1‰ in δ13C or δ18O,respectively.Thus,the difference in δ13C and δ18O between both snail species can be used to reveal the length of the snail growing season in the past.Based on our investigation,the length of the snail growing seasons from the Xifeng region during the last 75 ka was reconstructed.During the mid-Holocene(8-3 ka),the mean isotopic difference from both snail species reached maximum values of 2.6 ± 0.7‰ and 2.1 ± 1.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.This was followed by MIS 3 that ranged from 2.5 ± 0.4‰ for δ13C and 1.6 ± 0.8‰ for δ18O.The Last Glacial Maximum changed by only 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for δ13C and δ18O,respectively.Therefore,we estimate that the duration of the snail growing seasons to be ～200 ± 10 d during the mid-Holocene,190 ± 6 d in MIS 3 and 160 ± 3 d during the last glacial period.     

Recent advances on trusted computing in China

This article highlights some recent research advances on trusted computing in China,focusing mainly on the methodologies and technologies related to trusted computing module,trusted computing platform,trusted network connection,trusted storage,and trustworthy software.     

二元系中二维稳态晶体生长问题的渐近分析

在二元系中的定向凝固过程中,研究小雷诺数无穷远来流作用下的二维稳态晶体生长过程中温度与浓度的变化。利用正则摄动方法求出问题的基态解与扰动态解,结果显示液固相温度和浓度沿晶体生长方向呈现指数衰减。结果证明了固液界面前沿浓度与温度呈现指数振荡衰减是晶体生长的一个本质特性．     

Immune self-reactivity triggered by drug-modified HLA-peptide repertoire

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are highly polymorphic proteins that initiate immunity by presenting pathogen-derived peptides to T?cells. HLA polymorphisms mostly map to the antigen-binding cleft, thereby diversifying the repertoire of self-derived and pathogen-derived peptide antigens selected by different HLA allotypes. A growing number of immunologically based drug reactions, including abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), are associated with specific HLA alleles. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these associations, including AHS, a prototypical HLA-associated drug reaction occurring exclusively in individuals with the common histocompatibility allele HLA-B*57:01, and with a relative risk of more than 1,000 (refs?6, 7). We show that unmodified abacavir binds non-covalently to HLA-B*57:01, lying across the bottom of the antigen-binding cleft and reaching into the F-pocket, where a carboxy-terminal tryptophan typically anchors peptides bound to HLA-B*57:01. Abacavir binds with exquisite specificity to HLA-B*57:01, changing the shape and chemistry of the antigen-binding cleft, thereby altering the repertoire of endogenous peptides that can bind HLA-B*57:01. In this way, abacavir guides the selection of new endogenous peptides, inducing a marked alteration in 'immunological self'. The resultant peptide-centric 'altered self' activates abacavir-specific T-cells, thereby driving polyclonal CD8 T-cell activation and a systemic reaction manifesting as AHS. We also show that carbamazepine, a widely used anti-epileptic drug associated with hypersensitivity reactions in HLA-B*15:02 individuals, binds to this allotype, producing alterations in the repertoire of presented self peptides. Our findings simultaneously highlight the importance of HLA polymorphism in the evolution of pharmacogenomics and provide a general mechanism for some of the growing number of HLA-linked hypersensitivities that involve small-molecule drugs.     

鞍型垫板加强T型相贯节点极限承载力分析

利用有限元分析方法对鞍形垫板加强T形相贯节点在支管轴向拉力和压力作用下的极限承载力进行了研究,并在现行钢结构设计规范中关于直接焊接相贯节点的极限承载力设计公式的基础上引入极限承载力提高系数φ建立垫板加强T形相贯节点极限承载力设计公式.分析结果表明,支管轴向拉力作用下,影响φ的主要参数为垫板厚度λ;支管轴向压力作用下,影响φ的主要参数为主支管直径比β和垫板厚度λ.