我国装配式建筑全生命周期风险分析

风险分析是工程项目风险管理的重要内容之一。装配式建筑的内涵决定了装配式建筑比一般建筑有更为复杂的风险。建立装配式建筑全生命周期风险系统,确定装配式建筑的目标系统,分析环境系统风险、实施过程风险,并进一步分析导致实施过程风险的技术系统风险和管理系统风险因素以及风险因素与参建主体的关系。最后分析各风险因素和参建主体对装配式建筑目标实现的影响。通过这些分析,可以帮助各参建主体提高对装配式建筑的认识,并为应对装配式建筑的风险做准备。     

基于内容流行度的移动CCN缓存策略研究

近年来,为了适应互联网应用由发送者驱动的端到端通信模式向接收者驱动的海量内容获取模式的转变,并从网络体系架构层面提供对可扩展和高效内容获取的原生支持,研究界近年来提出以内容为中心的新型网络(content-centric networking,CCN)体系架构,它能够高效地支持未来互联网上的内容分发.随着移动用户数量的不断增加,未来移动用户也将访问CCN网络,针对内容中心网络中的用户移动性问题,提出了一种基于内容流行度的移动性缓存策略.该策略考虑用户移动性,利用半马尔科夫模型对用户移动性进行建模,同时采用多元线性回归模型对内客流行度进行预测,结合用户移动性与原有内容流行度提出一种移动性缓存策略.仿真实验表明,移动性的加入会对内容的流行度产生较大的影响,该策略能有效地提升缓存命中率.     

5G切片化网络中基于吞吐量最大化的用户切换机制

第五代无线通信系统(the fifth generation,5G)利用网络功能虚拟化(network function virtualization, NFV)和软件定义网络(software defined network, SDN)2项技术将网络进行了切片划分,让用户接入不同服务质量(quality of service,QoS)保障的虚拟网络切片以获得服务。为了解决切片化网络中由于用户移动性而导致的切片重新接入问题,提出了最大化网络吞吐量的用户切换机制来降低越区切换对已有网络切片的影响。该机制根据用户业务类型的QoS服务等级筛选备选接入站点的归属切片,运用贪心算法选择能为用户提供最大数据传输速率的切片接入服务,在网络切片代理的体系架构下完成切换过程的控制和管理。在与功率接入、负载接入和随机接入3种切换方案的性能对比中,相关仿真结果表明,随着越区用户数目和网络切片类型的增加,所提方案在保证较高网络吞吐量的同时,切换成功率始终维持在80%以上,远优于其他3种方案。     

对一般滤子情形下SLQ问题最优反馈的刻画

控制论中的一个基本问题是为系统设计反馈最优控制.这已在LQ问题中得到了很好的实现.但是,在已有的文献中,对这一问题的随机情形的讨论多集中在自然滤子情形.本文应用转置解这一概念在一般滤子情形下给出了带随机系数的SLQ问题最优反馈控制存在的充分条件,证明了对一维控制问题而言这还是必要条件.     

锑烯纳米结构等离激元的第一性原理研究

利用含时密度泛函理论(time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)),研究了锑烯纳米结构表面等离激元的激发特性,并给出了微扰场沿着扶手椅边界和Z字边界激发时锑烯纳米结构的吸收光谱.结果表明沿不同的方向激发,吸收光谱不同.距锑烯纳米结构表面0.9处的能量共振点的电荷密度分布表明,在低能共振区,等离激元共振属于键合二聚体的等离激元模式(BDP).     

年轻火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年中的n值与MSWD值

激光熔蚀⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时线法是第四纪年轻火山岩样品精细定年的新方法, 该方法处于逐步完善过程中。针对怎样判定获得的年龄结果是否可靠的问题, 通过对数据处理过程中所用参数的分析, 认为样品属性是决定年轻火山岩精细定年结果质量和可靠性的关键因素, 与样品测试数n值相关的加权均方差MSWD(mean square weighted deviation)是判断同一样品各测试点的数据是否符合正态分布, 能否用来客观地评价测试结果, 进而评估样品是否适合进行相关测试, 结果是否可靠的重要指标。其次, 属于同一真实年龄值样品的MSWD在99.7%置信区间的取值范围可通过计算加以确认, 并提出对于表面年龄和等时线年龄数据, 必须定量地考察相应的MSWD值, 判定在具有足够样品测试数(足够大的n值)的情况下, 是否符合概率统计的正态分布, 确定样品是否对应同一年龄真实值。在MSWD值达不到理想值1.0的情况下, 可以利用表面年龄概率密度曲线, 区分测试样品内部包含的非同源或非等时或封闭不好体系的数据, 再结合MSWD与n值关系, 适量地去除部分偏离正态分布的测试数据, 识别出可能归属多个年龄真实值的测试数据组, 并以此计算不同数据组的反等时线年龄, 获得年轻火山岩喷发的准确年龄。     

基于CVM的建筑废弃物回收利用非市场价值评估

本研究以建筑废弃物为研究对象,通过问卷形式调查绵阳市居民对建筑废弃物回收利用非市场价值的认知以及支付意愿,在此基础上采用条件价值法(contingent value method,CVM)对建筑废弃物回收利用的非市场价值进行核算和评估,并分析影响居民支付意愿的因素.结果显示:2015年绵阳建筑废弃物回收利用非市场价值为8.29亿元,占2015年绵阳市建筑业总产值的2.19%;城市,农村居民的平均支付意愿分别为584.88元/(户每年)和208.08元/(户每年),分别占家庭年平均收入的0.91%和0.55%.由此可知,建筑废弃物回收利用非市场价值巨大,但平均支付意愿在家庭年平均收入中所占比例较低,说明居民对建筑废弃物回收利用非市场价值支付意愿还很低.研究发现,居民对建筑废弃物价值的认知程度和政府对建筑废弃物回收利用经费的透明化管理是影响城乡居民支付意愿的主要因素.因此,加强建筑废弃物回收利用宣传教育和经费透明化管理,是提高居民支付意愿,改善建筑废弃物回收利用现状的有效手段.     

Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning: Application in the Clothing Sector

Industrial sectors that operate in uncertain environments - with demand variability, product seasonality and different industrialisation structures - need studies that enable identification and forecast trends. Therefore, the development of competitiveness extends beyond a company’s individual performance. Collective action, whether toward consumer markets, supplier markets, competitors and substitutes, can reinforce or help reformulate the current practices of an organisation, besides providing better results in the development of strategies and competitive positioning. Thus, clothing, the sector addressed in this work, is characterised by a long, fragmented, heterogeneous production chain, the competitiveness of which is linked to product differentiation. Therefore, the use of systemic approaches to study this sector is effective. In this sense, this research aims at adapting Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning (STSP) so that it supports the development and planning process in a given sector. Thus, this research applies STSP adapted to an analysis of the clothing sector in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. As a result, in academic terms, this research proposed and validated a method for analysing industrial sectors of the clothing industry. In the sectoral context, this research identified elements that leverage the sector’s competitiveness, besides generating knowledge and learning aimed at strengthening the sectoral structure identified, and fostering the formation of a new clothing cluster.     

Systemic Indicators for Rural Communities in Developing Economies: Bringing the Shared Vision into Being

Community indicators have been a frequent focus of the scholarly literature. There has been little exploration, however, in relation to rural communities, especially in developing countries. This reflects the special challenges associated with the complexity of rural systems, and the difficulties involved in developing appropriate and systemic indicators for rural communities. Identifying indicators that help the community to monitor progress towards sustainable outcomes requires a framework that is both practical and holistic. This paper introduces a participatory systemic framework for identifying community indicators, which respects the principles of complexity and honours the sense of ownership present in the communities. This framework is an iterative, sharing, co-learning engagement process that extends from creating a shared vision and extracting its core messages, to identifying indicators of progress and determining what actions to try. Importantly, this framework enables us to rank the indicators identified by communities with reference to ‘leverage points’, the best places to intervene in the social-environmental system for transformational change. This framework provides a potential pathway for sustainable rural development and perhaps also for organisations and urban communities.     

Adaptive Event-Based Consensus of Multi-Agent Systems with General Linear Dynamics

In this paper, adaptive event-based consensus of multi-agent systems with general linear dynamics is considered. A novel adaptive event-based controller and a state-dependent triggering function are proposed for each agent. The consensus can be achieved without the assumption that (A,B) is stabilizable. Furthermore, the Zeno-behavior of the concerned closed-loop system is also excluded under certain conditions. Finally, a numerical simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.