The Engagement Approach to Real-World Problem Solving: Toward a Coherent Soft-Systems-Based Theoretical Platform for Real-World Problem Solving

This paper presents an approach to understanding problem solving and innovation from the perspective of engagement. The approach is derived primarily from two research projects undertaken over the last 5 years. The first one into the apparent Comparison Parado in Soft Systems Methodology, and the second an 18-month research program into the social reality implied by Soft Systems Methodology. Engagement is argued to be the innovation of a framework of ideas within a social context. In this sense engagement is an extension of the nature in which humans take ideas and place them inside a social context and use this as a platform to make sense of their environment and take action in such surroundings with an eye to understanding, learning, meaning, adaptation, innovation, and interpretation of such situations. Therefore, this paper presents a conjectured model of Engagement that is argued to be useful in helping to manage social complexity and real-world problem-solving activity. The paper positions engagement as a purely theoretical approach with multidisciplinary applications for whoever would like to use it.     

An initiation site for meiotic crossing-over and gene conversion in the mouse

During meiosis, the reductional segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division requires reciprocal exchange (crossing over) between homologs. The number of crossovers is tightly regulated (one to two per homolog in mice), and their distribution in the genome is not random-recombination 'hot' and 'cold' regions can be identified. We developed a molecular assay to study these events directly in mouse germ cells. This analysis was developed with reference to the proteosome subunit beta type 9 (Psmb9, previously called Lmp2) hot-spot region identified through genetic analysis. Here we show that this hot spot is an initiation site of meiotic recombination on the basis of two observations: (i) crossover density is maximal in an interval of 210 bp and decreases on both sides of this region; (ii) a high frequency of gene conversion is found in the region of highest crossover density. We then used this strategy to carry out the first temporal analysis of meiotic recombination in mouse spermatogenesis and demonstrate that crossover events occur during the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase.     

基于单神经元自适应PSD算法用于混沌镇定控制

为了镇定混沌系统的不稳定周期轨道,提出了一种基于单神经元自适应PSD算法的状态延迟反馈法用于混沌的镇定控制。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅能够自适应地完成控制参数的整定过程,而且具有适用范围广、镇定时间短、抗干扰能力强等优点。     

基于突变理论的城市空间拓展决策方法与应用

城市空间拓展具有自身的规律性、城市建设的特殊性与复杂性要求,需要综合考虑自然、技术、经济、生态环境、城市形态、土地资源的有效利用、对周边的辐射作用等众多目标.本文首先依据城市空间拓展的各个目标,通过系统分析,按照逻辑关系进行层次分解,构建了树状层次决策指标体系;用各个目标(指标)的主次顺序为控制变量,基于突变理论,建立了城市空间拓展的多目标决策模型.并结合郑州市的具体情况,进行了实证分析.     

外显生长指数

基于一篇文章所引用的参考文献和该文的被引频次两个维度,提出了衡量该文外显成长度的相对指标.该研究涉及的引用数据及每条参考文献的被引数据均来自网络版科学引文索引(Web of Science),检索日期为2010年4月最后一周.     

Effect of weld microstructure on brittle fracture initiation in the thermally-aged boiling water reactor pressure vessel head weld metal

Effects of the weld microstructure and inclusions on brittle fracture initiation are investigated in a thermally aged ferritic high-nickel weld of a reactor pressure vessel head from a decommissioned nuclear power plant.As-welded and reheated regions mainly consist of acicular and polygonal ferrite,respectively.Fractographic examination of Charpy V-notch impact toughness specimens reveals large inclusions(0.5-2.5μm)at the brittle fracture primary initiation sites.High impact energies were measured for the specimens in which brittle fracture was initiated from a small inclusion or an inclusion away from the V-notch.The density,geometry,and chemical composition of the primary initiation inclusions were investigated.A brittle fracture crack initiates as a microcrack either within the multiphase oxide inclusions or from the debonded interfaces between the uncracked inclusions and weld metal matrix.Primary fracture sites can be determined in all the specimens tested in the lower part of the transition curve at and below the 41-J reference impact toughness energy but not above the mentioned value because of the changes in the fracture mechanism and resulting changes in the fracture appearance.     

基于功交互作用的耦合系统随机能量共振控制

分析了耦合系统与外界作用力的交互作用, 从做功与能量的角度提出了控制随机能量 共振的方法. 根据二维耦合Langevin 方程的随机动力学特性, 采用微观动力学和宏观热力学 方法, 建立了基于单一随机轨线的耦合系统的热力学关系. 通过调节施加于控制系统的周期 性外力, 定量刻画了作用于被控系统的输入力对耦合系统做功的大小与能量转换关系. 结果 表明, 控制信号能控制耦合系统与输入力和噪声之间的相互作用, 能有效地控制耦合系统的 随机能量共振.