生物破乳剂产生菌的筛选及破乳效能研究

建立一套高效的生物破乳剂产生菌筛选方法是解决破乳剂产生菌筛选困难的主要途径,利用这种方法从大庆油田采油废水中分离、筛选得到1株对水包油型(O/W)和油包水型(W/O)两种乳状液均具有破乳效能的高效生物破乳剂产生菌,该菌对这两种乳状液在20 h的破乳率均可达90%以上。生理生化鉴定及基于16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),菌株编号LH1。实验发现,LH1菌的有效破乳成分为胞外代谢物质,低温、高温及超声破碎处理均对其破乳活性无明显影响,说明破乳菌LH1具有良好的应用价值。     

创新教育体系 推进“大农业”特色人才培养

介绍了以"创新课程体系、创新实践硬件平台、创新教学管理模式"三要素组成的适合黑龙江垦区发展需要的、适应"大农业"特色人才培养的创新教育体系.     

关于线性规划最优解唯一的几点注释

文章改进了线性规划问题最优解唯一存在的充分必要条件，同时也修正和弥补一些教材或专著在此问题上的错误和不足．     

公共图书馆开展科技查新服务的探索——以天津开发区泰达图书馆为例

以天津开发区泰达图书馆开展科技查新服务为例,阐述了泰达图书馆开展科技查新的优势和存在的问题,并对公共图书馆开展科技查新服务提出了建议。     

约束空间近似正交的空间填充试验设计方法

试验设计空间存在约束是一种广泛存在的实际工程问题, 针对现有的约束空间试验设计方法存在生成设计点数不灵活, 算法优化时间长、效率低, 适用约束类型有限, 设计准则单一等问题, 提出一种约束空间近似正交的空间填充试验设计方法。基于设计点之间的距离和相关系数值构造试验设计准则, 通过改进的随机坐标交换算法进行方案求解。所提算法适合凸约束、非凸约束、解析约束、非解析约束等多种类型的约束, 而且适用于多维度的不规则试验设计空间。示例分析表明, 与现有方法相比, 所提算法具有优良的空间填充特性和较好的正交性。     

深基坑支护方案优选的组合赋权灰色关联分析

为了能够更好地对深基坑支护方案进行评价优选,基于层次分析(指数标度)法、欧氏距离法及灰色关联理论,计算了深基坑不同支护方案的加权关联度,提出了深基坑支护方案优选的组合赋权灰色关联分析法,并结合工程实例进行了应用分析.结果表明:运用组合赋权灰色关联分析法避免了单一方法赋权的片面性,可综合考虑主、客观因素的影响,选择出可行的最优方案,对深基坑支护方案优选具有一定的参考意义.     

基于磁性微泡对比剂的超声和磁共振影像融合算法

文中提出了一种新的基于磁性微泡对比剂的超声影像和磁共振影像之间的融合算法．首先利用磁性微泡对比剂对体模进行超声和磁共振显影,并对显影进行边缘分割．运用非采样contourlet变换（nonsubsampled contourlet transform．NSCT）对源图像进行分解,然后对低频子带系数采用自适应动态加权非负矩阵分解（dynamic weighted non-negative matrix factorization．DWNMF）结合分割图像进行融合．然后对各带通方向子带系数采用空间频率激励的脉冲耦合神经网络进行融合,最后利用NSCT逆变换得到融合图像．研究结果表明,利用磁性微泡对比剂并结合上述算法对超声影像和磁共振影像进行融合,可以获得预期的融合效果．     

创业投资辛迪加网络中控制权的演化博弈分析

创业投资的高风险性和信息不对称性使创业投资中控制权分配问题逐渐成为关系到风险投资项目成败的关键。本文运用演化博弈方法,分析控制权在辛迪加网络中两类创业投资家之间分配的博弈过程,得出在不同控制权分配比例下相应的演化稳定策略。在此结果上表明即期博弈中,创业投资家的私人收益和项目产出分配值的对比关系与控制权的分配密切相关。     

Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis and identify a new disease pathway for retinal degeneration

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a blinding retinal disease that presents within the first year after birth. Using exome sequencing, we identified mutations in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthase gene NMNAT1 encoding nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 in eight families with LCA, including the family in which LCA was originally linked to the LCA9 locus. Notably, all individuals with NMNAT1 mutations also have macular colobomas, which are severe degenerative entities of the central retina (fovea) devoid of tissue and photoreceptors. Functional assays of the proteins encoded by the mutant alleles identified in our study showed that the mutations reduce the enzymatic activity of NMNAT1 in NAD biosynthesis and affect protein folding. Of note, recent characterization of the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wld(s)) mouse model, in which prolonged axonal survival after injury is observed, identified NMNAT1 as a neuroprotective protein when ectopically expressed. Our findings identify a new disease mechanism underlying LCA and provide the first link between endogenous NMNAT1 dysfunction and a human nervous system disorder.     

Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Here we sequenced the exomes of nine individuals with TCC and screened all the somatically mutated genes in a prevalence set of 88 additional individuals with TCC with different tumor stages and grades. In our study, we discovered a variety of genes previously unknown to be mutated in TCC. Notably, we identified genetic aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes (UTX, MLL-MLL3, CREBBP-EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6) in 59% of our 97 subjects with TCC. Of these genes, we showed UTX to be altered substantially more frequently in tumors of low stages and grades, highlighting its potential role in the classification and diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our results provide an overview of the genetic basis of TCC and suggest that aberration of chromatin regulation might be a hallmark of bladder cancer.